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Unit Two
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| New France | Area colonized by France in North America |
| French and Indian War | A conflict in North America, lasting from 1754-1763, that was a part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain and that ended with the defeat of France and the transfer of French Canada to Britain |
| Fort Duquesne | A French fort in Pennsylvania |
| William Pitt | Chief minister to the king; hired German soldiers to fight the French |
| James Wolfe | An English soldier; led the attack on Quebec and died during it |
| Treaty of Paris (1763) | Britain took Florida from Spain (the supported France); Britain obtained all of the land east of the Mississippi except New Orleans |
| Pontiac (Obwandiyag) | Odawa war chief; led Native Americans in a struggle against British military |
| Proclamation of 1763 | An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| George Grenville | England's treasury Lord |
| Sugar Act | A trade law enacted by Parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce smuggling in the British colonies in North America |
| Stamp Act | A 1765 law in which Parliament established the first direct taxation of goods and services within the British colonies in North America |
| Parliament | The legislative body of England |
| Patrick Henry | A leader of the American Revolution; a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies |
| Sons of Liberty | Organized by New England colonists and harassed stamp act officers |
| Stamp Act Congress | Delegates from 9 colonies met to oppose the Stamp Act |
| Townshend Acts | Tariffs were placed on colonists for tea, paper, glass, and coloring for paints |
| Boston Massacre | A clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1773 to protest the Tea Act |
| Committees of Correspondence | One of the groups set up by American colonists to exchange information about British threats to their liberties |
| Boston Tea Party | The dumping of 18,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor by colonists in 1773 to protest the Tea Act |
| Intolerable Acts | A series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
| First Continental Congress | September 1774, delegates from 12 colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts |
| Minuemen | Patriot civilian soldiers just before and during the Revolutionary War, pledge to be ready to fight at a minute's notice |
| Battle of Lexington | Initiated the Revolutionary War |
| Battle of Concord | Initiated the Revolutionary War |
| Second Continental Congress | The Continental Congress that convened in May 1775, approved the Declaration of Independence, and served as the only agency of national government during the Revolutionary War |
| Continental Army | Formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War |
| Olive Branch Petition | A document sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III, proposing a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain |
| Common Sense | A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain |
| Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer who supported the America colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution |
| Declaration of Independence | The document, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared the colonies' independence from Britain |
| Patriots | A colonists who supported American independence from Britain |
| Loyalists | A colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution |
| Enlightenment | An 18th-century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge |
| John Locke | A 17th-century English philosopher; believed human beings are born with certain ideas |
| Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution |
| Valley Forge | Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, 1/4 of the troops died here from disease and malnutrition |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834) |
| George Cornwallis | General in charge of British forces during the American Revolution; lost the battle of yorktown |
| Battle of Yorktown | Last major battle of the war; Cornwallis surrendered |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, confirming the independence of the United States and settling the boundaries of the new nation. |
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