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Viruses
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| By inhalation | parainfluenza; Rhino |
| By fomites | rhino |
| by direct contact | rhino; norovirus (person to person); HSV (inc sexual); HPV (inc sexual); adenovirus |
| 4 serotypes | parainfluenza |
| Croup | parainfluenza (serotypes 1-3) |
| human resp tract | parainfluenza; RSV (localized) |
| giant cells | RSV; measles |
| upper/lower resp | human metapneumovirus; influenzaviruses |
| seasonal incidence | parainfluenza; RSV |
| bronchiolitis | RSV (<2 y.o.) |
| 100% kids >4 infected | RSV |
| immunocompromised pts | human metapneumovirus |
| exacerbates asthma | human metapneumovirus; coronavirus |
| gives nonasthmatics asthmalike s/s | coronavirus |
| cool replication temp | coronavirus; rhinovirus |
| by aerosol/droplets | coronavirus; norovirus; HSV; adenovirus (resp); parvovirus |
| exacerbates pulmonary dx | coronavirus |
| rid in dev'd countries; prob in developing countries | measles; mumps |
| one serotype | measles; mumps |
| >100 serotypes (>40 infect humans) | adenovirus |
| often asymptomatic | mumps; HSV (asymptomatic shedding) |
| kids asymptomatic carriers (dx usu mild in kids) | HAV; HBV |
| double stranded rotavirus; | HPV |
| single stranded | noroviruses |
| increased in fall & winter | rotavirus |
| worldwide distn | parainfluenza, enteroviruses, rotavirus |
| CNS complications | mumps |
| most important cause of common cold | rhinovirus |
| enveloped | paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, HSV, HBV; coronavirus |
| pleiomorphic virion | influenza viruses |
| can lead to pneumonia | influenza viruses |
| genetic reassortment | influenza viruses |
| hemagglutin/neuraminidase | influenza viruses |
| 5 genera & >200 spp | picornaviruses |
| resistant to detergent, acid, drying, extremes of temperature | enteroviruses |
| strictly human pathogens | enteroviruses |
| neonates at increased risk | enteroviruses |
| varied tissue tropism | enteroviruses |
| tissue tropism important factor | adenovirus; hep viruses (liver tropism) |
| fecal/oral route | enteroviruses; noroviruses; coronaviruses; adenoviruses; Hep A&E |
| increased in summer | enteroviruses |
| in reovirus group | rotavirus |
| capsid helps survive acidic environments | rotavirus |
| 50% hosp'd dehydratn/diarrhea cases in US | rotavirus |
| >1 million peds deaths worldwide (0-2 yo highest risk) | rotavirus |
| small & sim in size to picornavirus | noroviruses |
| common cause of community/group outbreaks of gastroenteritis | noroviruses |
| dx self limits in 48-72 hrs | noroviruses |
| smallest of DNA viruses | parvovirus |
| medium-sized virus | coronavirus |
| have glycopro's = allow them to survive GI tract | coronavirus |
| affects mostly infants/young kids | coronavirus (but affects all ages) |
| SARS | coronavirus |
| ubiquitous | HSV |
| latent, persistent infections | HSV; HHV; adenoviruses |
| vertical transmission | HSV |
| roseola | assoc w/HHV 6&7 |
| Kaposi sarcoma | assoc w/HHV 8 |
| replicates in squamous epithelium of skin and mucous membranes | HPV |
| capable of oncogenic transformation; dysplasia | HPV |
| conjunctivitis | adenoviruses |
| erythema infectiosum in kids | parvovirus |
| migratory polyarthritis in adults | parvovirus |
| aplastic crisis in pts w/chronic anemia | parvovirus |
| clinical manifestations: cutaneous / mucosal / anogenital | HPV |
| 90% of anogenital warts caused by | HPV types 6 and 11 |
| 85% of cervical dysplasia caused by | HPV types 16 & 18 |
| flavivirus heps | Hep C & G |
| nonchronic heps | A&E |
| high risk: immigrants from areas with high endemicity; IVDUs; homosexual males | HBV |
| parenteral/sexual transmission | HBV |
| >300,000 new cases per year | HBV |
| chronic dx (___% of infected pts) assoc w inc risk liver ca | HBV (60-70%) |
| 1 cause of hepatocellular ca | HCV |
| responds to interferon | HCV |
| daycare centers | HAV |
| replicates only in HBV-infected cells | HDV |
| superinfection possible; often leads to fulminant hepatitis | HDV |
| hep sim to norwalk | HEV |
| can be letha to PG women/fetus | HEV |
Created by:
Abarnard
Popular Bacteriology sets