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Fertile Crescent
Lessons 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fertile Crescent | land in western asia earliest civilization lush green area between and surroundeing the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Mesopotamia | One of the first civilizations. The civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates. "Land between two rivers" another name for Fertile Crescent |
| silt | loose soil carried by water rich in nutrients and minerals and good for farming |
| droughts | long periods without rain- southern Mesopotamia had droughts |
| erosion | wearing away of soil by wind or water trees planted by the river banks helped because their roots help the soil in place |
| irrigation | a system of canals to bring water to crops and fields Mesopotamian farmers brought water from artificial lakes to irrigate their crops into, dry months of spring and summer |
| levees | a system of walls built around the river to keep flood waters back flood water destroyed crops |
| Sumer | town in southern Mesopotamia. Surrounded by a big wall |
| Cuneiform | a system of writing created in Sumer developed in 3,500 BC Earliest writing system in the world Scratched wet clay tablet with a reed to write symbols about 500 symbols |
| Scribe | An official writer- mostly boys- recored songs, stories, legends and laws |
| City- State | self-governing city that also governs nearby villages Largest was Ur, Uruk and Eridu- all near the Euphrates |
| ziggurat | A temple. tall, flattened pyramid made of mud-brick center of most Sumerian cities. |
| polytheism | a belief in many gods and goddesses Ki- god of good harvest God Enlil- god of rain Goddess Ishtar- goddess of love and war God Enki- god of water |
| Endeduana | Sumerian priestess and scribe Daughter of Sargon |
| Sargon | famous king of Kish father of Enheduana created first Empire ruled for 56 years |
| empire | group of lands and people ruled by one government |
| Gilgamesh | strong hero who set out on a journey to try and discover how people could live forever |
| c. | Circa or "around a time" |
| Time Line | a diagram of events arranged in the order they happened. |
| century | 100 years |
| A.D. | "In the Year of the Lord" in Latin After the death of Jesus |
| C.E. | Common era |
| B.C.E. | Before the Common Era |
| Tigris | One of the two rivers that flowed in the Fertile Crescent, allowing for agriculture to flourish |
| Euphrates | Both rivers began in the Taurus Mtns. and flows down the plateaus and in to the Persian Gulf |
| successful farmers | learned how to grow many different crops and control the flood waters and the river in times of drought |
| crops | wheat and barley (most important) beans, onions, lettuce,cucumber, herbs. trees with date palm, all and pomegranate. trees planted along canal banks |
| Uruk | one of many small cities in southern Mesopotamia |
| inventions in Sumer | irrigation system, wheeled vehicle, sailboats, pottery wheel, ideas in science and math and WRITING- most important |
| school in Sumer | only a few boys and almost no girls practiced cuneiform writing and math |
| decade | 10 years |
Created by:
ThomasM
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