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Revolution Review
Review for Test on American Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stamp Act | Act by the British Parliament that put a tax on all written or published materials. |
| Sugar Act | Act by Parliament that lowed the tax on sugar and molasses but included stricter enforcement of the tax |
| Mercantilism | Economic theory that stated nations should start colonies and those colonies existed for the economic benefit of the mother country. |
| Tea Act | Act by the British Parliament that would have given British Tea companies an unfair advantage in the tea trade. |
| Intolerable Acts | Series of Acts passed by Parliament to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party |
| Boston Massacre | The killing of several colonists by British soldiers in Boston. Led to the removal of the Townshend Acts. |
| Townshend Acts | A series of indirect taxes on many items used by colonists, including lead, glass, and tea. |
| Boston Tea Party | Protest by American colonists in which tea sitting on ships in Boston was thrown overboard into the harbor. |
| Sons of Liberty | Sometimes considered "radical," this group attacked British tax collectors and agitated against British laws and control. |
| Paul Revere | Created a portrait of the Boston Massacre that could be considered propaganda. Famous for his midnight ride to warn the colonists of a British raid. |
| Minutemen | Militia in the New England colony that needed to be ready to fight at a moment's notice. |
| Patriots | Colonists that supported rebellion against Britain. |
| Loyalists | Colonists that wanted to remain part of the British Empire. |
| Continental Congress | Gathering of representatives from the colonies that worked together to deal with the British actions and eventual war. |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | Known as the "Shot Hear Round the World," these were the first armed battles between the colonists and the British army. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | The first large battle between colonists and the British, this battle was a Pyrrhic Victory for the British. |
| Continental Army | The full scale army for the Patriot cause. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Member of the Continental Congress from Virginia. Primary author of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Richard Henry Lee | Member of the Continental Congress. Official proposed the writing of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Declaration of Independence | Document that declared independence from Britain. Unique because it gave an argument about why independence was necessary. |
| Natural Rights | According to Declaration of Independence, rights granted to all people. They are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. |
| John Hancock | President of the Continental Congress. First to sign his name to the Declaration of Independence. |
| George Washington | General put in charge of the Patriot war effort. |
| Battles of Trenton and Princeton | Battles fought in December 1776. These were victories by George Washington intended to raise the morale of his troops. |
| Battle of Saratoga | Patriot victory in northern New York State. Considered a turning point in the war since France agreed to help us afterward. |
| Benedict Arnold | Patriot general that betrayed the Americans when he did not receive promotions that he thought he deserved. |
| Writs of Assistance | Search warrants given to British customs officials that allowed them to search wherever they wanted for smuggled goods. |
| Southern Strategy | British strategy that shifted the focus of the war to colonies where they believed they could build up a large Loyalist army. |
| Valley Forge | Location of Continental Army camp during a particularly difficult winter. Army faced smallpox, starvation, and desertion. |
| Francis Marion | Nicknamed "Swamp Fox," he carried out a guerrilla warfare assault on British forces in South Carolina. |
| Battle of King's Mountain | Battle that saw a Patriot Militia destroy a Loyalist militia in the south. Many of the Patriot officers were easy Tennessee leaders. |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French nobleman that chose to join Washington to fight for the Patriot cause. |
| Baron von Steuben | Former Prussian army officer that helped to train the Continental Army |
| Kasmir Pulaski | Polish officer that trained Patriot cavalry. Was killed at the British invasion of Savannah. |
| Battle of Yorktown | Final major battle of the Revolutionary War. Patriots won after trapping a British army on a peninsula in Virginia. |
| General Cornwallis | British general during the "Southern Strategy." Was forced to surrender his army at Yorktown |
| Treaty of Paris of 1783 | Agreement that brought the Revolutionary War to an end. |
| Articles of Confederation | Document that set up the first national government in the United States. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Organized land in the Northwest Territory into townships and sections for easier sale and to fund government and public schools. |
| Northwest Ordinance | Laid out the steps needed for a territory to become a state. Also banned slavery from in the Northwest Territory. |
| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense, a pamphlet that encouraged independence, and The Crisis, which pushed patriots to continue supporting the cause during the harsh winter at Valley Forge. |
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slaterc
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