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SFDSChap 4 1-2
SFDS Chapter 4 Sections 1 and 2
| Key Item | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subsistence farming | Farming in which only enough food to feed ones family is produced |
| Triangular Trade | A trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa. |
| Cash crop | Farm crop raised to be sold for money. |
| diversity | Variety or difference. |
| Tidewater | A region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast. |
| Backcountry | A region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater. Heading to the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Overseer | Person who supervises a large operation or its workers. |
| Commerce in New England | Many people would try to sell or trade products they made like soap and candles. Others were skilled workers. Main money was brought in from ship building and fishing. |
| West Indies | The islands in the Caribbean Sea. The American colonies shipped much of the goods south to the West Indies. |
| Middle Passage | The most inhumane part of the triangular trade. This is from Africa to the West Indies and the colonies. It is the transport of the enslaved Africans. |
| Industry in the Middle Colonies | Some were home-based crafts, others were lumbering, mining and small scale manufacturing. New Jersey and Pennsylvania had iron mills. |
| Tobacco and Rice | Tobacco was the cash crop for Maryland and Virginia. Rice was the cash crop for Georgia and South Carolina. |
| Slave Codes | The codes that governed the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans. Slaves cannot leave plantation without written permission from the master. Enslaved people were not allowed to learn to read and write. Physical punishment was allowed. |
| Mercantilism | The theory that a state's or nation's power depended on its wealth. |
| Export | To sell goods abroad. |
| Import | To buy goods from foreign markets |
| Smuggling | Trading illegally with other nations. |
| Charter Colony | colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle. |
| Proprietary Colony | Colony run by individuals or groups to whom the land was given. |
| Royal Colony | Colony run by a governor and a council appointed by the king. |
| Apprentice | assistant who is assigned to learn the trade of a skilled craftsmen. |
| literacy | the ability to read and write. |
| Glorious Revolution | James II tried to take back powers that Parilment had won during the English Civil War. Parilment forced James II out and placed his daughter Mary and her husband William on the throne. Elected representatives have power over the monarch. |
| English Bill of Rights | Guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens. Became a part of the heritage of English law that will inspire the founding fathers. |
| Navigation Acts | Put in place to make certain that only England benefitted from trade with the colonies. Directed the flow of goods between England and the colonies. |
| Magna Carta | Established the principle of limited government, in which the power of the king or government, was limited. Provided for protection against unjust punishment and against the loss of life, liberty, and property, except according to the law. |
| Great Awakening | It was the religious revival that took place in the 1720's through the 1730's. Called for a return to the strong faith of the earlier days. |
| Jonathan Edwards | Gave powerful and convincing sermons during the Great Awakening. "Hands of an Angry God." |
| George Whitfield | Helped spread the religious revival by preaching throughout the colonies either in a church or a field. Went to all 13 colonies preaching. |
| Enlightenment | Spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. Increased an interest in science. Ben Franklin highly influenced by the movement. |