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Ch 2 Key Terms +
Key terms and people of Chapter 2 and Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hernan Cortes | Conquistador; conquers Aztecs with 700 men; returns with gold for Spain |
| Martin Luther | German monk; leads Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses (complaints) about the Catholic Church |
| Henry Hudson | English sailor who sails for Dutch (claims New Netherlands) river and bay named after him |
| Junipero Serra | missionary who founds San Francisco and 8 other missions in California |
| Ferdinand Magellan | sails for Spain; 18 of the men of his large expedition make it all the way around the world |
| capital | money or property that is used to earn more money |
| printing press | machine that is used to make copies - revolutionary invention - opens new learning |
| Spanish Armada | large invasion fleet defeated by the English sea dogs in 1588 |
| charter | document issued by king giving a person the right to start a colony |
| Columbian Exchange | transfer of animals, plants, and diseases between the Americas and Europe |
| Jamestown | the first colony in America; 1607 in Virginia |
| New York | formerly "New Amsterdam" - includes today's Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx |
| Puritans | Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England |
| Quakers | Protestant group who formed in 1640s; believed in equality; William Penn was one; Society of Friends |
| immigrant | people who leave the country of their birth to live in another country |
| indentured servant | colonist who received free passage to America in exchange for working seven years |
| Bacon's Rebellion | attack led by N. Bacon against Indians and Jamestown |
| Enlightenment | the Age of Reason; intellectual movement that examined society and world - ideas of John Locke |
| Great Awakening | religious movement that reshaped Americans in 1730s and 1740s - lay foundation for revolution |
| slave codes | laws passed in colonies to control slaves |
| Pilgrim | member of a Separatist group that left England in the early 1600s to settle in America |
| Canada | land won by British in French and Indian War; they still speak French in parts |
| Harvard | college established in 1636 in Cambridge to train Puritan ministers |
| staple crop | grains that are continuously in demand - oats, barley,wheat |
| triangular trade | trading networks - goods and slaves move among American colonies, England, Africa |
| Middle Passage | name given to horrendous voyage that brought millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society for self-government |
| Toleration Act | Maryland law respecting religious rights - first guarenteeing religious freedom |
| town meeting | political gathering in New England where people make decisions on a local level - very democratic |
| English Bill of Rights | 1689 - shift in power from British monarch (king) to the people (Parliament) |
| John Smith | early successful leader of Jamestown (no work, no food) |
| Pontiac | Indian chief who led attacks on colonists - leads to Proclamation Line of 1763 |
| William Penn | Quaker who leads settlement in colony named after him - religious freedom, Philadelphia |
| Pocahontas | Indian princess who marries John Rolfe; helps colonists; talks to trees, animals |
| Anne Hutchinson | outspoken Puritan woman who is banished for promoting equality among genders |
| Squanto | returned captured Indian from Plymouth area who helps Pilgrims survive |
| John Winthrop | leader of Puritans' Great Migration in 1630s - founds Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Olaudah Equiano | former slave who survives Middle Passage purchase freedom, opposes slavery |
| Peter Stuyvesant | Dutch leader of New Amsterdam |
| George Washington | leads failed expedition to Ohio River Valley, confronts French, starts war; later put on $1 bill; Father of our country; our first prez |
| rocky soil, hilly, small farms S, M, or NE? | New England |
| small farms, communities, common land S, M, or NE? | New England |
| Pennsylvania, New York S, M, or NE? | Middle |
| Pilgrims, Puritans S, M, or NE? | New England |
| fishing, shipbuilding S, M, or NE? | New England |
| large plantations, isolated S, M, or NE? | South |
| many slaves S, M, or NE? | South |
| very diverse S, M, or NE? | Middle |
| tobacco, rice, indigo S, M, or NE? | South |
Created by:
mr.tinkham
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