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Unit 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Union | United States of America; North |
| Confederacy | Confederate States of America; South |
| Abraham Lincoln | President during the Civil War who wanted to preserve the union; Republican; made Gettysburg Address; issued Emancipation Proclamation |
| Habeas Corpus | Right of those arrested to be charged/brought before a judge; suspended during war by Lincoln |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln; declared all slaves living in Confederate states to be free; used as military strategy to get Southern slaves to flee to North |
| Gettysburg Address | Given by Lincoln while dedicating battlefield to fallen soldiers; short speech which improved morale of Northerners. Cannot let rebels dissolve the Union, must preserve democracy. |
| Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address | Lincoln made clear that slavery would be abolished after the war; urged Northerners not to take revenge on South (assassinated 6 wks later) |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America; military and government background before war |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Head general for the Union army; aggressive approach in battle; accepted Lee’s surrender |
| Robert E. Lee | Head general of the Confederate Army; considered most capable military leader; offered surrender to end the war |
| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | Confederate general; brilliant tactician who died in battle |
| William T. Sherman | Union general; led battle for Atlanta and subsequent March to the Sea |
| Battle of Fort Sumter | In South Carolina; scene of the first battle of Civil War; prompted states in Upper South to join Confederacy |
| Battle of Antietam | First battle fought on Northern soil (Maryland); bloodiest day of war; encouraged Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Grant leads Union to victory; allowed them to gain control of traffic on the Mississippi River & cut off Confederates in the West; turning point |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union victory in Pennsylvania; turning point in the war; Lee's last attempt to invade North; deadliest battle of war |
| Battle of Atlanta | Union destroyed railroad & manufacturing center of South; Began Sherman's March to the Sea; convinced North war was won |
| 1876 Presidential Election | Between Democrat Tilden & Republican Hayes; Hayes made a deal with the South to end Reconstruction if elected; resulted in Hayes winning |
| Presidential Reconstruction | Favored by Lincoln & Johnson; wanted to reunify the country quickly & did not seek to punish the South |
| Radical Republican (aka Congressional) Reconstruction | Favored by Ulysses Grant & Congress; wanted to punish the South for seceding & sought to protect the rights of black citizens |
| Impeachment | to accuse a public official of wrongdoing in office; first step to removing someone from office |
| President Andrew Johnson | Republican who became president after Lincoln assassinated; first president to be impeached; got to stay in office |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Government organization; meant to assist former slaves in gaining education, jobs, legal rights, etc. |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Ended slavery |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Granted citizenship to every person born in the United States; makes slaves citizens |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Granted voting rights to all adult male citizens of the U.S. (“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”) |
| Black Codes | Laws passed in South; restricted the rights of African Americans |
| Ku Klux Klan (KKK) | Group of former Confederate soldiers/supporters; formed with the intent of disenfranchising black voters; used violence |
| Morehouse College | Black college opened in Atlanta; taught ministers & teachers |
| President Rutherford B. Hayes | Republican who won Election of 1876; ended Reconstruction |
| Compromise of 1877 | After Hayes’ controversial victory; he agreed to end Reconstruction in exchange for winning the election |
Created by:
edaughtrey
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