click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 1
for test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
mineral | is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. |
Elements | are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means |
compound | is a substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined |
crystals | a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
silicate minerals. | a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and that may also contain one or more metals |
no silicate minerals | a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen |
luster | he way in which a mineral reflects light |
streak | he color of a mineral in powdered form |
Cleavage | in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
Fracture | the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces |
hardness | a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching |
ore | natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably |
reclamation | the process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed |
Silicate Minerals how to classify | whether they combination of the elements silicon and oxygen- or not |
Silicate minerals | aluminum, iron, magnesium, and potassium, 90% of earth's crust |
non-silicates | carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur. defined as substances within the Earth that do not contain silicon |
classes of non-silicate minerals | oxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, halides and phosphates. |
impacts of mining | erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. |
lessening impact of mining | ensuring the area mined is returned close to its original state. |
mineral properties-unknown minerals | color, streak, hardness, cleavage, specific gravity, crystal form and other properties |
halides and how formed | a binary compound of a halogen with another element or group. halide minerals and salts are formed from halogens and metals |
Evaporating salt water | When a body of salt water dries up minerals such as gypsum and halite are left behind. Salt Water evaporates and leaves crystals behind |
pegmatities | As magma moves upward, it can form teardrop-shape. The mineral crystals come extremely large, sometimes growing to several meters across. Many gemstones, such as topaz and tourmaline |
metamorphic rocks | When changes in pressure, temperature, or chemical makeup alter a rock, metamorphism takes place Minerals that form in metamorphic rock include:<br />calcite, garnet, graphite, hematite, magnetite, mica, and talc<br / |
Limestone | Surface water and groundwater carry dissolved materials into lakes and seas, where they crystallized on the bottom Minerals that form in this environment include: calcite and dolomite, limestone, |
hot water solutions | Groundwater works its way downward and is heated by magma, and then reacts with minerals to form a hot liquid. Dissolved metals and other elements crystallize out of the hot fluid to form new minerals, such as:gold, copper, sulfur, pyrite, and galena |
plutons | As magma rises, sometimes stops moving before the surface and cools slowly, forming millions of mineral crystals. Eventually, the entire magma body solidifies, forming minerals as:mica, feldspar, magnetite, and quartz |