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BIO 333 - 1 - Hx
History and Homeostasis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | A sex hormone secreted from the testes, ovaries and adrenal glands. In males, it regulates the development of testes, sperm and the male secondary sexual characteristics. |
| Endocrine Glands | A group of cells that are specialized to produce and release hormones into blood. |
| Humoral | Relating to body fluids |
| Germ Theory | States that some diseases are caused by microorganisms. |
| Diabetes mellitus | A condition of persistent high blood sugar levels resulting from insufficient release of insulin into blood or lack of cellular sensitivity to insulin. |
| Diabetes insipidus | A condition of excessive thirst and urination resulting from insufficient release of vasopressin into blood or lack of cellular sensitivity to vasopressin. |
| Graves' disease | An autoimmune disease which results in hyperthyroidism and goitre. |
| Goitre | Enlarged thyroid gland |
| Exophthalmos | Enlarged and protruding eyeballs. |
| Palpitation | Rapid or irregular heartbeats. |
| Symptoms | Subjective physical or mental changes that a patient experiences. |
| Secretin | A peptide hormone produced in the duodenum of the small intestine. The first hormone to be named regulates the secretion of the exocrine portion of the pancreas, liver, and stomach. |
| Hormone | A signaling molecule produced by endocrine cells and exported in body fluids to target cells around the body affecting behavior and physiology. |
| Neurohormones | Hormone produced by nerve cells and secreted into the blood circulation. |
| Norepinephrine | Also called noradrenaline serves as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The chemical plays a major role in regulation of stress. |
| Glycogen | The stored form of carbohydrates within the body. |
| Glucose | A sugar molecule that plants and animals breakdown to obtain energy. |
| Phosphorylase enzyme | Catalyzes the addition of phosphate group to a substrate. |
| Cyclic AMP (cAMP) | An intracellular signaling molecule (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) that is produced from ATP and serves as a secondary messenger. It is released into the cells when a hormone binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell. |
| Second messenger | A chemical released within a cell when a hormone binds to its receptor on the cell surface causing a biochemical signaling pathway inside the cell. |
| Endocrinology | A field of study focused on understanding the mechanims of endocrine system in health and in disease. |
Created by:
obscuredemerald
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