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Pre-AP World History
Chapter 5 Rise of River Valley Civs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | a people's way of life, such as language, clothing, food, religious beliefs, and music |
| Neolithic Revolution | turning point in human history 10,000 years ago when people stopped hunting and gathering and began to grow food and herd animals in settled communities |
| Paleolithic Era | Old Stone Age when people lived in small nomadic groups hunting and gathering, using stone, bone, and wood tools and weapons, domesticating dogs and using fire. |
| Mesopotamia Civilization | early civilization located between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers, where they built ziggurats, invented cuneiform writing, and the wheel/sail for transport |
| Nile River Civilization | early civilization located in N. Africa, where they built pyramids, used hieroglyphs, worshipped the Pharaoh as a god-king, practiced mummification and embalming for the afterlife |
| Indus River Civilization | early civilization located in northern India, where they designed multi-story cities on a grid-pattern with indoor plumbing and sewer systems; later invaded by Aryan people who brought caste system and Hinduism |
| Huang He (Yellow River) Civilization | early civilization located in Eastern China, where they practiced ancestor worship, consulted Oracle Bones for guidance, produced Silk for trade, and Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang using the belief in a Mandate of Heaven |
| Theocracy | when a ruler has both political and religious power over the people, example: Egyptian Pharaoh |
| Monarchy | a king or queen who pass power on to their sons/daughters |
| Dynasty | a family ruling by hereditary means as long as they govern wisely |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Code of Hammurabi | first law code establishing the punishments for crimes in written form that applied to all |
| patriarchy | a male-dominant society where women obeyed the males in their household and J were often confined to the home to care for children and complete domestic work |
| Judaism | monotheistic religion founded by Abraham for the Hebrew people who saw God as an invisible force demanding proper moral conduct; formed the foundation for later Christianity & Islam |
| Ten Commandments | laws given directly from God to Moses to deliver to the Hebrew people to ensure the worship of one god and outlaw murder, adultery, stealing and other immoral behavior |
| job specialization | when food surplus allows non-farmers to develop other occupations such as soldiers, artisans, govt. workers, and merchants |
| Caste System | social divisions in the Indus society brought by the Aryan migration; those at the top included priests, warriors, and nobles; those at the bottom were the "un-pure" who worked in dirty jobs |
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