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Ground School
Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Following a disturbance, an airplane that returns to its original position unassisted by the pilot is said to be inherently stable. Is this sort of airplane easier to fly? | Yes. |
| If the center of pressure is behind the center of gravity, what sort of pitching moment will the lift-weight couple have? | A nose-down pitching moment. |
| If the thrust line is lower than the drag line, what sort of pitching moment will the thrust-drag couple have? | A nose-up pitching moment. |
| In question 2 and 3, if there was a sudden loss of thrust, what would the nose do? | It would pitch down. |
| Where is the center of pressure in relation to the center of gravity in most training airplanes? | The center of pressure is behind the CG. |
| What sort of aerodynamic force does the horizontal stabilizer produce? | A downward force. |
| When power is reduced, what will the reduced propeller slipstream and reduced downwash over the horizontal stabilizer cause the nose to do? | These will cause the nose to drop. |
| Longitudinal stability refers to the motion of the airplane about its: a. longitudinal axis. b. lateral axis. c. vertical axis (sometimes called the normal axis). | Answer b. |
| What is rotation about the lateral axis known as? | Pitching. |
| What is rotation about the vertical axis known as? | Yawing. |
| What is the most important factor contributing to longitudinal stability? | The horizontal stabilizer. |
| Is longitudinal stability greater with a forward CG? | Yes. |
| True/False: An airplane loaded with the CG too far aft will be stable at slow speeds, but if stalled will be difficult to recover. | False. An airplane loaded with the CG too far aft will be unstable at all speeds, and if stalled will be difficult to recover. |
| Will a forward CG location cause an airplane to be more unstable at high speeds? | No (a forward CG location will cause an airplane to be more stable at all speeds). |
| How can aircraft directional stability be improved? | With a large vertical stabilizer. |
| If the airplane is loaded incorrectly so that the CG is forward of the allowable range, the elevator force required to flare the airplane for landing will be: a. the same as usual. b. greater then usual. c. less than usual. | Answer b. |
| If a wing has dihedral or sweepback, which sort of stability is increased? | Lateral stability. |
| If an airplane is yawed, it will sideslip. What will the dihedral cause it to do? | Roll. |
| What primary control provides pitch? | The elevators. |
| Nose movement up and down occurs in which plane? | The pitching plane. |
| Nose movement involves angular movement around its CG as well as which axis? | Lateral axis. |
| In order to raise the nose and lower the tail of the airplane, which direction does the trailing edge of the elevator move in? | Up. |
| What are the consequences of loading the airplane incorrectly with: a. the center of gravity forward of the forward limit? b. with the center of gravity behind the aft limit? | a. The airplane will be excessively stable, which may make it difficult to flare on landing. b. The airplane will be excessively unstable, which may make it difficult to fly smoothly. |
| What primary control provides roll? | The ailerons. |
| Rolling is angular motion about which axis running through the CG? | The longitudinal axis. |
| In which direction does the pilot move the control column to make the right wing rise? | Left. |
| True/False: At normal flight speeds, for the right wing to rise, the right aileron will go down and the left aileron will go up. | True. |
| True/False: If differential ailerons are used to counteract the effect of adverse yaw effect, one aileron will rise by an amount the same as the other aileron is lowered. | False. One aileron will rise by an amount greater than the other aileron is lowered. |
| Does the area below the wing have higher static pressure than the area above the wing? | Yes. |
| Yawing occurs about which axis that passes through the CG? | The vertical (normal) axis. |
| An airplane is banking left for a left turn. What effect will the extra drag on the right aileron have? | It will tend to yaw the nose away from the turn. |
| How can adverse yaw effect be reduced? | By the use of differential ailerons, or by Frise-type ailerons. |
| What primary control provides yaw? | Rudder. |
| Yawing increases the speed of the outer wing. Does this cause its lift to increase? If so, what does this lead to? | Yes, lift increases. This leads to a roll. |
| Yaw also generates a sideslip. Will the dihedral on the more forward wing cause it to rise? | Yes. |
| At high airspeeds, are the control surfaces more effective than at low airspeeds? | Yes. |
| Does slipstream from the propeller over the rudder and elevators increase their effectiveness? | Yes. |
| What is the purpose of "aerodynamic balance?" | To reduce the control pressures (or "stick load") on the pilot. |
| Give three examples of "aerodynamic balance." | Servo tab, horn balance, and inset hinge. |
| If the stabilator is moved in the preflight external inspection, the anti-balance tab should: a. move in the same direction. b. move in the opposite direction. c. not move. | Answer a. |
| If the elevator is moved in the preflight external inspection, the balance tab should: a. move in the same direction. b. move in the opposite direction. c. not move. | Answer b. |
| What is mass balance used for? | To prevent control-surface flutter in flight. |
Created by:
pwbandy
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