Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gram Neg Rods
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medically important Gram Negative rod genera | Bordetella, Campylobacter, Eikenella, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio, HACEK group |
| Gram negative bacillus; 16 species (most associated with human disease) | Enterobacteriaceae spp |
| Most common illnesses caused are gastroenteritis, sepsis, spontaneous abortion | Enterobacteriaceae spp |
| GNR; microaerophilic; this delayed discovery of their importance but is now “exploited” in the lab | Campylobacter |
| Human infection results from ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water; also fecal/oral route | Campylobacter |
| At risk for Campylobacter jejuni | Ingestion of large numbers of organisms or those lacking in gastric acid |
| GNR: Disease is usually self-limiting but antibiotic therapy is given for severe infections | Campylobacter jejuni |
| First discovered in 1984 and named “dysgonic fermenter” (DF) by the CDC because of its slow growth | Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
| Found in respiratory tract and saliva of human (DF-1) and dogs/cats (DF-2) | Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
| Mild to deadly infection: immunosuppression increases risk (asplenic patients can have severe sepsis | Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
| Discovered in 1960s at CDC; originally given name HB group | Eikenella corrodens |
| GNR; risk of serious complications in patients who are immunocompromised | Eikenella corrodens |
| Most diverse group of medically important gram negative, medium-sized bacilli | Enterobacteriaceae |
| GNR; infection via animal reservoir, human carrier, or endogenous; many are opportunistic, nosocomial | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Only about 20 species account for nearly all infections in this group | The Enterobacteriaceae |
| Ubiquitous (soil, water, vegetation); normal flora of human GI tract | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Transmission via fecal contamination of urethra or catheter use (hospitalized patients | E. coli |
| Five “sub-divisions” of E. coli gastroenteritis | Enterotoxigenic; enteropathogenic; enteroadherent; enterohemorrhagic; enteroinvasive |
| E. coli subdivisions found in small bowel | Enterotoxigenic; enteropathogenic; enteroadherent |
| E. coli subdivisions implicated in disease of large intestine/colon (cause bloody diarrhea) | Enterohemorrhagic; enteroinvasive |
| The only E. coli that occurs with any frequency in US (eventually leads to renal failure) | Enterohemorrhagic (H7:157) |
| Implicated in aspiration pneumonia in chronic alcoholics or gastric bypass patients | Klebsiella |
| Member of Enterobacteriaceae; important cause of nosocomial UTIs | Providencia stuartii |
| GNR; important cause of nosocomial patients, especially neonates, immunocompromised patients | Enterobacter spp |
| The individual serotypes are now written with the serotype name capitalized and not italicized | Salmonella |
| 4 possible clinical manifestations of Salmonella | Gastroenteritis, Sepsis, Enteric fever (= typhoid), Carrier (asymptomatic dx) |
| GNR; animal reservoir is mostly responsible for disease transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food (eggs, poultry, dairy products) (large inoculum required for infection) | Salmonella |
| GNR; serotypes that only infect humans and are transmitted by fecal-oral spread (small inoculum required for infection) | Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi |
| 4 species/groups of Shigella | Dysenteriae (A); flexneri (B); boydii (C); sonnei (D) |
| GNR; infection common in children (daycare centers) and those in custodial facilities | Shigella |
| GNR; common animal pathogen; humans infrequently infected as result of consuming contaminated food | Y. pseudotuberculosis |
| 3 Yersinia spp associated with human disease | Y. pestis; Y. enterocolitica; Y. pseudotuberculosis |
| GNR; species have genes that code for adherence, phagocytic inhibition and inhibition of platelet aggregation | Yersinia |
| GNR; virulence factors include capsule & resistance to serum killing | Yersinia pestis |
| GNR; virulence factors include LPS, endotoxin, polysaccharide capsule | Haemophilus |
| 3 organisms most causative of OM | Strep pneumo, Moraxella catarrhalis; Haemophilus influenzae |
| Human GI tract is only reservoir (transmission is likely via fecal-oral route) | Helicobacter pylori |
| Associated with gastritis, PUD, gastric malignancies & enteric disease | Helicobacter pylori |
| GNR; virulence factors: urease, motility, adhesion factor, flagella, LPS | Helicobacter pylori |
| Most important Legionella spp (accounts for 85% of all Legionella infections) | L. pneumophilia |
| GNR found on human skin and mucosa (upper respiratory infections limited to ear and eye) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Virulence factors: exotoxins, endotoxins, pili, polysaccharide capsule | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| GNR; important nosocomial pathogen; antibiotic overuse drives this | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| HACEK group | Haemophilus aphrophilus; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Cardiobacterium hominis; Eikenella corrodens; Kingella kingae |
| GNR; can cause sub-acute endocarditis in patients with pre-existing heart disease | HACEK group |
| Haemophilus species most commonly associated with disease | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Most prevalent Shigella spp | S. sonnei |
| Causes whooping cough | Bordetella pertussis |
| Comma shaped Gram negative bacillus | Enterobacteriaceae spp |
| GNR; microaerophilic; need small amount of CO2 | Campylobacter |
| Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in USA | Campylobacter jejuni |
| Campylobacter jejuni worldwide distribution | Increased incidence in warm weather |
| Corrodes agar medium | Eikenella corrodens |
| Smells like bleach as it grows | Eikenella corrodens |
| GNR: normal flora of upper respiratory tract of humans | Eikenella corrodens |
| Implicated in bite infections | Eikenella corrodens; Capnocytophaga canimorsus |
| Endocarditis in patients with pre-existing heart disease | Eikenella corrodens |
| Account for 1/3 of all septicemias and 2/3 of all UTIs | The Enterobacteriaceae |
| >40 genera, >150 species | Enterobacteriaceae |
| GNR: grow readily on simple media | Enterobacteriaceae |
| aka “coliforms” or enteric bacteria | Enterobacteriaceae |
| GNR; ferment wide variety of carbohydrates | Enterobacteriaceae |
| No. 1 cause of UTIs (community & nosocomial) | E. coli |
| Women at increased risk of infection due to short urethra | E. coli |
| Infecting strains originate from GI tract | E. coli |
| Strains associated with gastroenteritis subdivided into 5 groups | E. coli |
| GNR: etiologic agent of bacteremia, sepsis, neonatal meningitis | E. coli |
| GNR: numerous virulence factors: adhesins & exotoxins | E. coli |
| GNR Increased resistance to multiple antibiotics is problem | E. coli |
| The only E. coli that is exogenously acquired (traveler’s diarrhea) | Enterotoxigenic |
| Klebsiella virulence factors | Endotoxin (LPS), capsule, beta-lactamase, urease |
| Most important & most commonly isolated Klebsiella spp | K. pneumoniae |
| GNR; causes lobar pneumonia | Klebsiella spp |
| GNR; important nosocomial pathogen | Klebsiella spp |
| Important Proteus species | mirabilis vulgaris |
| GNR; common pathogen in community acquired UTIs | Proteus spp |
| Contribute to renal calculi | Proteus spp |
| “Swarmy” growth on culture media with putrid odor | Proteus spp |
| GNR; produce large amounts of urease | Proteus spp |
| “taxonomic nightmare” | Salmonella |
| GNR; 1 species (enterica) with more than 2500 serotypes | Salmonella |
| Commonly divided into typhoid and nontyphoid serotypes | Salmonella |
| Can colonize nearly any animal | Salmonella |
| GNR; chronic carrier state common | Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi |
| GNR; infections occur worldwide; increased in warmer months | Salmonella |
| GNR; at risk: travelers to SE Asia, Africa, Latin America | Salmonella |
| This genus is actually serologically distinct E.coli | Shigella |
| most prevalent Shigella species | Shigella sonnei (D) |
| GNR; human GI tract is reservoir | Shigella |
| GNR; 11 species (3 are associated with human disease) | Yersinia |
| Etiologic agent of plague | Y. pestis |
| GNR; nfrequent cause of gastroenteritis | Y. enterocolitica |
| GNR; capable of growth at cold temperatures | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Small GNR (sometimes pleomorphic) | Haemophilus |
| Virulent type B now rarely seen due to vaccine | Haemophilus influenzae |
| At risk: asplenic persons, elderly, unvaccinated children | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Beta-lactamase resistance can be a problem | Haemophilus influenzae |
| Etiologic agent of chancroid (soft chancre) | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Ulcerative venereal disease | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Most common in Africa/Asia | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| GNR; beginning to be seen in large urban areas in US | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Etiologic agent of chancroid (soft chancre) | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Ulcerative venereal disease | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Most common in Africa/Asia | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| GNR; beginning to be seen in large urban areas in US | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Comma shaped GNR | Helicobacter pylori |
| GNR; morphologically similar to Campylobacter | Helicobacter pylori |
| Pleomorphic GN bacteria first discovered in 1976 | Legionella |
| 1 genus, 48 species | Legionella spp |
| GNR; fastidious, aquatic saprophyte | Legionella |
| Can parasitize amoebae and replicate in alveolar macrophages | Legionella |
| Can survive for years on biofilms formed on water pipes | Legionella |
| GNR; blue/green color on agar with distinctive odor | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| GNR; Can grow in tap water (and DI water) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| At risk: immunosuppressed patients | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Can cause swimmers ear | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| GNR; more than 60 species; found commonly in water | Vibrio spp |
| GNR; cause mostly GI disease via contaminated water | Vibrio spp |
| Medically important Vibrio spp | V. cholerae; V. parahemolyticus; V. vulnificus |
| Group of fastidious GNRs that colonize human oropharynx | HACEK group |
Created by:
Abarnard
Popular Bacteriology sets