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STAAR Facts Test 2
STAAR Facts- Colonization, Revolution, Constitution, Early Republic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| *Religion (God) *Wealth (Gold) *Fame and International recognition (Glory) | Reasons for European exploration |
| 1st Amendment | freedom of speech, religion, press, petition, assembly |
| 2nd Amendment | right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | no quartering of troops in homes |
| 4th Amendment | no unreasonable searches or seizures |
| 5th Amendment | right to freedom from self-incrimination, no double jeopardy |
| 6th Amendment | right to a speedy, fair, jury trial with a lawyer |
| 7th Amendment | right to a jury trial in civil cases in cases worth more than $20 |
| 8th Amendment | no cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail or fines |
| 9th Amendment | rights not mentioned in the Constitution are saved for the people |
| 10th Amendment | rights not listed in the Constitution are reserved to the states |
| 1787 | date the U.S. Constitution was written at Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia |
| 1803 | In what year did Thomas Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory during his presidency? |
| Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams, known for her stance on women's rights |
| Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, John Adams | Who were some of the leaders of the Federalist party? |
| Alexander Hamilton | A "founding father," and author of the Federalist Papers, the first Secretary of the Treasury |
| Anne Hutchinson | woman kicked out of Massachusetts Bay; founded Rhode Island for religious freedom |
| Anti-Federalists | People who argued against the ratification of the Constitution because it weakened states' rights, wanted a Bill of Rights |
| Articles of Confederation | first government of the United States that created a bond between states for foreign affairs, but could not tax or raise an army (FAILED!) |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord | first shots of the American Revolution, "shot heard round the world" |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point in the American Revolution, France joins the American side after this battle |
| Battle of Yorktown | last battle of the American Revolution; helped by the French navy |
| Benjamin Franklin | Author, printer, inventor, scientist, and colonial ambassador to France during the American Revolution |
| Bernardo de Galvez | Spanish military leader who held off British in New Orleans, but allowed Americans the use of the port |
| Bill of Rights | The name given to the first ten original amendments to the US Constitution that protected individual freedoms |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers fire on mob and kill 5 colonists |
| Boston Tea Party | led by the Sons of Liberty; destroyed cases of tea into Boston harbor |
| Boycott | Organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products. |
| Charles Cornwallis | Commander of British forces at the Battle of Yorktown |
| checks and balances | A major principle of the American system of government in which each branch can control other branches. Examples: President votes laws; Senate confirms appointments & treaties; Congress impeaches president & judges... |
| Constitutional Convention | Gathering of representatives in 1787 in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation |
| Crispus Attucks | African American; First person killed in the Boston Massacre; martyr of the American Revolution |
| Date for the Declaration of Independence | July 4, 1776 |
| Declaration of Independence | document written by Thomas Jefferson breaking up with England. |
| Doubled the U.S. in size, gave us control of the Mississippi River | What did the purchase of this land do for the United States? |
| Embargo Act | What law was passed that banned imports and exports from other countries? |
| Executive Branch | Branch of government that enforces the laws in the U.S. Also known as the President and Cabinet. |
| Favored a strong national government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution that would give the government more power | What did the Federalists believe about government? |
| federalism | A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| Federalists and Democratic- Republicans | What two political parties emerged during Washington's presidency? |
| Federalists | People who argued for the ratification of the Constitution |
| First Great Awakening | religious movement of the 1700s that emphasized the importance of reading the Bible and religious feelings |
| French and Indian War | war between England and France over land in North America. |
| French | Which colonizing nation established a good relationship with the Natives and came to the Americas in search of furs to trade? |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecicut | first written constitution in the colonies. Example of a representative government. |
| Geography of New England colonies | rocky, rivers, harbors, forests, cold, |
| George Mason | An Anti-Federalist that was instrumental in creating the Bill of Rights, refused to sign Constitution |
| George Washington | Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, President of the Constitutional Convention and first President of the United States. |
| Georgia | colony founded by James Oglethorpe for debtors |
| Haym Salomon | Polish Jew who spied for Americans and was held as a translator for the Germans by the British, helped finance the Revolution |
| He sent in the army | How did Washington deal with the Whiskey Rebellion? |
| impressment of sailors | What practice began during Jefferson's presidency and continued during Madison's that eventually helped cause the War of 1812? |
| Individual Rights | Freedoms granted to people and protected by the government |
| Industry (jobs) of New England colonies | ship building, fishing, trading, commerce, whaling, small farming. |
| Intolerable (Coercive) Acts | act passed as punishment for the Boston Tea Party (cancelled town meetings, closed the port of Boston) |
| James Armistead | African American spy during the American Revolution. Spied on British General Cornwallis' camp |
| James Madison | The author of the majority of The Federalist Papers, "Father of the Constitution," fourth President of the United States, president during the War of 1812 |
| James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia, a colony for debtors |
| Jamestown | 1607; first permanent English colony in North America |
| Jefferson and George Mason | Who were some of the leaders of the Democratic - Republican Party? |
| John Adams | Massachusetts lawyer who defended British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre, helped edit the Declaration |
| John Marshall | Who was the judge in the case of Marbury v. Madison? |
| John Paul Jones | Founder of the US Navy; Continental navy commander and privateer known for yelling "I have not yet begun to fight" |
| Judicial Branch | Branch of government that interprets the laws in the U.S. Also known as the Supreme Court & court system. |
| King George III | King of England during the American Revolution |
| Legislative Branch | Branch of government that makes the laws in the U.S. Also known as Congress. |
| Let the Supreme Court decide if a law was constitutional or unconstitutional (judicial review) | What impact did the Case of Marbury v. Madison have? |
| Lewis and Clark | Who did Jefferson send to explore the new territory? |
| Limited Government | Idea that government should not be unrestricted in authority over individuals |
| Louisiana Purchase | What territory did Thomas Jefferson purchase during his presidency? |
| Loyalist | Those who remained loyal to the King |
| Magna Carta | 1st document of English rights, King forced to sign by nobles |
| Manufacturing increased because we had to make our own goods during the War, America got respect from other nations, we maintained our independence, Great Lakes were no longer disputed | What were some of the effects of the War of 1812? |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French noble who served under George Washington in the American Revolution and helped train the American troops |
| Maryland | colony founded for Catholics |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | colony founded by Puritans for religious freedom. |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620; first document with form of self- government in North America |
| Mercantilism | an economic system to increase a nation''s wealth by sending natural resources from colonies to the mother country. |
| Mercy Otis Warren | Patriot writer that supported independence and convinced others to join the cause. First woman historian of the Americans Revolution, published plays, books, and poetry. |
| National Bank | What did Alexander Hamilton establish as Washington's Secretary of Treasury? |
| New England Colonies | Which region of the colonies did the Puritans settle? |
| New Jersey Plan | Plan at Philadelphia Convention for equal representation in new Congress (1 state 1 vote). Also known as "small state plan." Opposite of the Virginia "big state" Plan. Becomes basis of representation in the Senate. |
| Northwest Ordinance | process established for admitting new states to the Union including requiring a population of 60,000 people, defined boundaries, and so many eligible voters |
| Only serve 2 terms, Farewell Address, setup a Cabinet (several more) | Name important precedents Washington established as president. |
| Patrick Henry | Patriot from Virginia, Spokesperson for independence who gave a famous "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech urging Virginians to take up arms in their defense, An Anti-Federalists statesman that argued in defense of states' rights |
| Patriot | Those who supported independence from England. |
| Political parties, don't interfere in European or foreign affairs (stay neutral), don't make taxes too high | What did Washington warn about in his Farewell Address? |
| political parties | What started to develop during Washington's presidency that he did not like and warned against in his Farewell Address? |
| Popular Sovereignty | The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people |
| Preamble | Opening statement of the Constitution that sets its purpose |
| Primary reason for declaring independence | being taxed without representation "a vote" in Parliament |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Closed off the region west of the Appalachian mountains to colonial settlement |
| Quartering Act | Law requiring colonists to provide housing and supplies to British soldiers. |
| Ratification | Process by which each state had to approve the Constitution in order to establish the federal government |
| Republicanism | Political philosophy that federal laws should be made by elected representatives |
| Roger Williams | man kicked out of Massachusetts Bay; founded Rhode Island for religious freedom |
| Samuel Adams | Leader of the Sons of Liberty and Patriot who established the committees of correspondence in Boston & is thought to have planned the Boston Tea Party |
| Separation of Powers | Constitutional provision that ensures no single branch of government has complete authority, divides the duties |
| setup the court system | What did the Judiciary Act that was passed while Washington was President establish? |
| Shay's Rebellion | 1786 revolt in Massachusetts that revealed a need for a national army and new government. |
| Stamp Act | Act which places a tax on almost all printed materials. |
| States governments should have more power and a strict interpretation of the Constitution that limited the powers of the government to those listed in the Constitution, Bill of Rights was necessary | What did the Democratic-Republicans believe about government? |
| Sugar Act | Replaces the Molasses Act and placed a duty on molasses or sugar |
| Tea Act | tax on tea; said colonists had to buy tea from England |
| The British blockade forced Americans to produce their own goods and actually increased manufacturing. | How did the war impact manufacturing in the United States? |
| The Federalist Papers | A set of essays written in support of the ratification of the Constitution |
| The Great Compromise | An agreement between states that created two houses of Congress based on both state population (House) and equal representation for each state (Senate) |
| Thomas Hooker | Minister who leaves Massachusetts to settle Hartford, Connecticut for religious freedom; helped frame the FOC |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence |
| Thomas Paine | Author of the revolutionary pamphlet, Common Sense and The American Crisis; urged Americans to support the Patriot cause |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | An agreement that states could count their slave population as a fraction in comparison to their free population for the purpose of representation and taxation |
| Told European nations to stay out of the western hemisphere and North America- no further colonization would be permitted without consequences | What did the Monroe Doctrine say? |
| Townshend Acts | Tax on imported goods, including tea and glass, paint and lead |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | ended the French and Indian War; gave all land West of the MS River to Spain and land East to England. |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Agreement that ended the American Revolutionary War |
| Triangular Trade | trade between England, the Americas, and Africa in which slaves, rum, and manufactured products were exchanged |
| unalienable rights (definition) | rights given to you at birth that cannot be taken away |
| unalienable rights | life, liberty, pursuit of happiness |
| Valley Forge | winter camp where Washington's men die of cold, starvation , and disease. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | the first representative assembly of elected representatives in North America. |
| Virginia Plan | "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for population- based representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning represe |
| Washington, D.C. | What city did the British set on fire during the War of 1812? |
| Wentworth Cheswell | Educated African American Patriot, made the same midnight ride as Paul Revere warning that the British were coming. |
| What is the geography of the Southern colonies like? | rich fertile soil, long growing seasons, hot |
| What is the primary industry in the South? | plantations; agriculture that depends on slave labor. |
| What was the Economy of the Middle Colonies like? | "breadbasket" colonies, grew grains for the colonies, ironworks |
| What was the Geography of the Middle Colonies like? | moderate weather, rich soil, small farms |
| William Penn | A wealthy Quaker who founded Pennsylvania |
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