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JOHN ADAMS WAS THE LEADING FEDERALIST IN THE ELECTION OF 1796. WHAT WAS HIS BIGGEST PROBLEM?
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Who was responsible for preventing John Adams from being re-elected in 1800 for his second term?
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Adams and Jefferson
#9-1 Look at the Adams and Jefferson Presidency and Expansion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| JOHN ADAMS WAS THE LEADING FEDERALIST IN THE ELECTION OF 1796. WHAT WAS HIS BIGGEST PROBLEM? | HE WAS OBNOXIOUS AND DISLIKED. |
| Who was responsible for preventing John Adams from being re-elected in 1800 for his second term? | Alexander Hamilton, he split the Federalist party |
| How did Hamilton take control of Adams' government behind the scene like a "Puppet master"? | Controlled Adams' Cabinet |
| When the French started to capture American ships and cargo bound for Britain, which political party wanted to go to war? | The Federalists |
| Why was Jefferson opposed to war with the French? | He had been the US Ambassador to France. Remembered that they helped us in the Revolutionary War. |
| Adams sent three men to France to negotiate a peace. What happened once they arrived? | No one would talk to them |
| Three Frenchmen told the Americans they would only discuss the matter of peace if they gave the Minister cash and a large loan. What was this event named? | X.Y.Z Affair |
| Why did the United States refer to the attempted bribe as the XYZ Affair? | Did not know the names of the the three French envoys |
| Why was everyone, including Democratic-Republicans angered by the X,Y,Z Affair? | The $250,000 bribe just to talk and a $10-$12 million loan. |
| WHAT WAS THE INTENT OF THE ALIEN ACT? | HARASS FRENCH IMMIGRANTS AND DISCOURAGE OTHERS FROM COMING. |
| WHAT WAS CONGRESS' RESPONSE TO THE XYZ AFFAIR? | SUSPENDED TRADE WITH FRANCE AND DIRECTED THE NAVY TO CAPTURE ARMED FRENCH SHIPS. |
| This is one basic reason why the Democratic-Republicans were upset by the Alien and Sedition Acts: | It violated the basic concepts in the Bill of Rights. |
| Why did Hamilton have so much power? | George Washington treated him as his son. That gave him great influence over policy decisions |
| What did John Adams declare in his inaugural speech to gain support of the Democratic-Republicans? | Respect and neutrality with France |
| What did John Adams do once he assumed the Presidency to keep the Federalists happy? | He kept three of Washington's Cabinet members |
| Why were the French unhappy with John Adams? | He had declared neutrality and Jays Treaty was seen as a pro-British move. |
| Why didn't Adams just declare war on France for taking our ships? | We were not prepared for war. |
| Adams became so concerned over the pro-French mobs in the streets of Philadelphia and his mistrust over his cabinet that he actually did this: | Stocked up weapons and ammunition in the Presidential quarters for self-protection. |
| Adams and the Federalists decided to attack the Democratic-Republicans that opposed his position by passing these two acts: | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| WHAT DID THE SEDITION ACT PENALIZE? | SPEAKING OR WRITING ANYTHING AGAINST THE PRESIDENT OR CONGRESS. |
| Which Amendment of the Constitution did the Sedition Act violate? | THE FIRST! |
| WHAT WAS THE REACTION TO THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS? | BACKFIRED! CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN VICTORY IN THE 1800 ELECTIONS. |
| Why were the resolutions to the states of Virginia and Kentucky submitted anonymously? | Because if it was known who wrote them, they would be arrested for treason. |
| Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, if the President thought an alien was dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, what could he do? | He could imprison or deport them. |
| Jefferson and Burr tied with 73 Electoral votes each. How was this resolved? | 36 votes in the House of Representatives |
| Because of the turmoil in the election of 1800, it was obvious that consideration would have to made in future elections for this: | Political Parties |
| If I was an alien and the President wanted to throw me in jail, under the Alien and Sedition Acts, because he suspected me of being a threat to the United States, what steps did he have to take? | No steps, just throw me in prison without a trial |
| HOW DID JEFFERSON FINALLY WIN THE ELECTION FOR PRESIDENT, EVEN THOUGH HE TRIED TO "FIX" IT SO HE WOULD WIN EASILY? | HAMILTON CAME TO HIS AID AND BROKE THE TIE AFTER 36 VOTES. |
| This is a division of power between the States and the Federal Government: (TEAR THE PAPER) | Federalism |
| What kind of lifestyle did Jefferson want the people to live? | Agrarian or Agricultural |
| Before Adams left office, he made a flurry of "Midnight Appointments" of Federalists into important posts. Why did he do that? | He wanted to check the power of the new Democratic-Republican President with people the new President could not remove. |
| Why didn't the Supreme Court overrule the Alien and Sedition Acts? | All the judges were Federalists and declared them Constitutional. |
| WHY DID JEFFERSON EAT AT A ROUND TABLE USUALLY WITH NO MORE THAN 14 PEOPLE? | TO ENCOURAGE SOCIAL INTERACTION. |
| Why did Spain give France the land west of the Mississippi River? | After Jay's Treaty, Spain was nervous and wanted a buffer between themselves and the United States. |
| When Spain "gave the Louisiana Territory to France, they had one stipulation: | FRANCE NEEDED SPAIN'S APPROVAL BEFORE ANY SALE. |
| Jefferson was concerned once he knew that the French owned the Louisiana Territory. He sent a delegation to do this: | Purchase New Orleans. The Spanish had given us the right to free use and he thought France might nullify that right. |
| Napoleon turns around and offers to sell the entire Louisiana territory to the United States for $125 million. Why would he do that? | Besides the slave uprising in Haiti, he really needs cash to fight Great Britain. He settled for $15 million. |
| WHAT HAPPENED TO THE DEAL THE U.S. MADE WITH SPAIN WITH PICKNEY'S TREATY CONCERNING NEW ORLEANS? | SPAIN RECINDED THE DEAL WHEN THEY GAVE FRANCE THE TERRITORY. |
| When Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory, what did that do to the land area of the United States? | Doubled it in size. |
| Why doesn't Jefferson think he can buy the land that is the Louisiana Territory? | Because the Constitution doesn't specify that the Executive Branch can buy territory. |
| Jefferson established a "Corps of Discovery" to explore the newly acquired territory. Who led the expedition? | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. |
| What river did the expedition follow? It is the longest river in the United States: | Missouri |
| JEFFERSON GAVE LEWIS AND CLARK THREE OBJECTIVES FOR THEIR EXPEDITION. WHICH ONE DID THEY FAIL TO ACHIEVE? | FIND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE. |
| In their travels, Lewis and Clark came across thousands of different Indian Tribes. How did these 38 men survive without being slaughtered by these tribes? | Lewis had at least one air rifle that fired multiple rounds without reloading. The Native Americans had no idea how many of these weapons they had. |
| Lewis and Clark expected to travel the entire distance by riverboat. What did they do when they ran out of "river"? | They traded with the Native Americans for horses. |
| Why did the Corps of Discovery decide to accept Sacagawea as part of the party? | She could be useful as an interpreter because she spoke several Indian languages. |
| WHY WAS THERE A FIGHT WITH THE BLACKFOOT? | THE BLACKFOOT PARTY TRIED TO STEAL WEAPONS AND HORSES FROM LEWIS. |
| Wasn't the presence of a female with a child a weakness for the Corps of Discovery? | A woman with a child was a benefit! It proved you came in peace. |
| What position was Meriwether Lewis given upon his return? | Governor of Louisiana Territory |
| What position was William Clark given upon his return? | Governor of the Missouri Territory |
| What happened to Meriwether Lewis? | He was depressed and took his own life three years after returning. Or, maybe he was murdered! |
| What was so impressive about the mapping done by Lewis and Clark? | Their maps were only off by 4 miles! |
| What is the difference between an Implied Power and an Enumerated Power in the Constitution? | Implied means it is a power you can assume you have based on the Enumerated Powers. Enumerated Powers are specified and written down. |
| AFTER ZEBULON PIKE'S EXPLORATION INTO NEW SPAIN, WHAT DID HIS REPORT PROMOTE? | AN EXPANSIONIST MOVEMENT BY AMERICANS INTO TEXAS. |
| What was the fortunate coincidence when Lewis and Clark met the Shoshone Tribe? It helped them get the horses they needed. | The Chief was Sacagawea's brother! |
| What happened to Sacagawea's children after she died? | William Clark raised them as his own. |
| This is one basic concept of "Jeffersonian Democracy" | Majority of people must govern themselves |
| What would Jefferson's pet mockingbird do for him? | Lull him to sleep with song when he took a nap. |
| What was so unusual about the deaths of Jefferson and Adams? | They died on the same day in 1826: July 4th! |
| What animals did Jefferson keep on the White House grounds? | Grizzly Bears he received from Lewis and Clark |
| In the early 19th Century, written documents had to be re-written over and over again. What did Jefferson invent to fix this problem? | The polygraph machine. |
| We all love macaroni and cheese, Jefferson did as well. But he went further and invented this little gem: | Macaroni making machine |
| Who first introduced macaroni and cheese to the White House? | Jefferson's daughter |
| Why was it a problem for us if the French held the region west of the Mississippi River? | The French and the Indians got along, which could pose a threat to us. |
| Which of the two first "Political Parties" believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution? | The Federalists |
| Under the Sedition Act, what happened to newspaper editors that defied the government? | Fifteen (15) editors were charged, all Democratic-Republicans, and 12 were convicted. |
| The Virginia Resolution, written by Madison, said that if the Federal Government did something unconstitutional, the state could do this to protect its people and stop the action: | Interpose, that is, come between the Federal Government and the people. |
| WHAT DID KENTUCKY'S PLAN PROPOSE? | IF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PASSED AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAW, STATES HAD THE RIGHT TO NULLIFY IT. |
| Both the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions articulated what particular doctrine? | States rights included in the 10th Amendment. |
| WHAT WAS THE RESPONSE OF THE FEDERALISTS TO BOTH THE VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS? | THE PEOPLE CREATED THE CONSTITUTION, NOT THE STATES; THEREFORE, THE SUPREME COURT DETERMINED CONSTITUTIONALITY OF LAWS. |
| This was one of Jefferson's accomplishments prior to being elected President: | Created the University of Virginia |
| What was Thomas Jefferson's view on taxes? | US citizens should not pay taxes of any kind. |
| After John Adams lost the election of 1800, how did he protest the results? | He did not attend the Inauguration in Washington D.C. |
| HOW DID JEFFERSON BELIEVE WE SHOULD INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION? | HE BELIEVED IN A STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. |
| This was one basic reason why the Democratic-Republicans were upset by the Alien and Sedition Acts: | It violated the basic concept of the Bill of Rights, especially the FIRST Amendment |
| WHAT DID THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISH IN THE MARBURY V. MADISON CASE? | JUDICIAL PRECEDENT WHICH SAYS THAT LAWS JUDGED TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL CEASE TO BE LAWS. |
| BURR KNOWS HE IS NOT GOING TO BE ON THE TICKET FOR THE ELECTION OF 1804, SO HE RUNS FOR GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. HAMILTON CRITICIZED HIM. WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME OF THIS ARGUMENT? | BURR SHOOT AND KILLS HAMILTON IN A DUEL. |
| EUROPEAN COUNTRIES PAID TRIBUTE TO THE BARBARY PIRATES FOR SAFE PASSAGE THROUGH THIS WATERWAY: | STRAITS OF GIBRALTAR |
| WHAT WAS THE ADVERSE AFFECT OF BOTH THE EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 AND THE NON-INTERCOURSE ACT OF 1809? | MERCHANTS LOSE BECAUSE THEY CAN NO LONGER TRADE. |
| AFTER HIS PRESIDENCY, JEFFERSON RETURNS HOME AND RENEWS HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH ADAMS. HOW DID THEY DO THAT BECAUSE JEFFERSON AND ADAMS WERE SEPARATED BY ALMOST 600 MILES? | EXCHANGE THOUSANDS OF LETTERS OVER THE YEARS. |
| WHAT WAS UNUSAL ABOUT THE DEATHS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON AND JOHN ADAMS? | THEY DIED ON THE SAME DAY, JULY 4, 1826, WHICH WAS THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. |
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