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Edexcel Politics 1.2

Edexcel A Level Politics UK Politics Component 1.2 Political Parties

QuestionAnswer
List the four reasons in favour of state funding of parties. It would curb corruption; it would remove disparity; parties play a vital role in democracy and should therefore be publicly funded; it would encourage people to join parties if the state matched public donations.
List the four reasons in opposition to state funding of parties. Leads to regulations, reducing independence; taxpayer resentment; public funding could isolate parties from their supporters; it's difficult to practically decide the split of budget.
List the five functions of political parties. Representation, participation, recruitment, policy making and providing government.
How do political parties function to represent? They represent the views of members and replace having many pressure groups.
How do political parties function to recruit? Being a member of a party can lead to running as an MP. Parties can also stop people running for them - the party controls their candidates.
How do political parties function to formulate policy? Parties employ people to work on policy, and then set out policy ideas in their manifesto. If the party gets into office, that manifesto is then attempted to be written into law.
How do political parties function to encourage participation? Parties encourage the public to vote (for them) by having meetings and sending out messages in the form of leaflets etc. Party members participate in the choosing of leaders and running candidates, and there can also be party-led rallies.
How do political parties function to provide government? The Prime Minister is not voted for directly but is the leader of their party. Parties contribute to an easily-organised and strong government because it's clear by parties who is on each other's 'team'. Whips within parties also maintain strength.
"He who ... ... pays the piper chooses the tune."
When was it proposed that taxpayers should fund parties, and by whom? 2007, by Sir Hayden Phillips
What scandal may have encouraged the idea that taxpayers should fund political parties? The 'Cash-for-Honours' scandal of 2006, in which the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 was suspected to be being broken.
Give two figures in traditional conservatism. Sir Robert Peel (PM 1934-1835 & 1841-1846) and Edmund Burke (author of 'Reflections on the Revolution in France').
What key things did traditional conservatives originally protect? The historic privilege of the Crown and Church of English and the lack of a revolution like the French.
Under Sir Robert Peel, what did the conservatives begin to focus on? The defence of property ownership and traditional authority.
Which leader started One-Nation conservatism and when was he PM? Benjamin Disraeli, PM 1868 & 1974-1880.
Which type of conservatism peaked in the generation after WW2? One-Nation.
What things were Margaret Thatcher's conservatives trying to promote? Rugged individualism and a cut back in state intervention.
Give the six main policies of Thatcherism. Control of public spending & tax cuts; privatisation; legal limits on trade unions; tough law and order; assertion of Britain abroad; desire to protect sovereignty against the growing EU.
Out of foreign policy, law and order, economic policy and welfare, where did Thatcher and Cameron differ? Law and Order; Cameron promoted a 'rehabilitation revolution' and 'payment by results' scheme to help criminals instead of punish.
List two economic pledges from May's 2017 manifesto. Pump an extra £4 billion into schools by 2022; increase personal allowance (what's no taxed) from £11850 to £12500 by 2020.
List two welfare pledges from May's 2017 manifesto. Increase NHS spending to £8 billion extra / year by 2022/23; scrap pensions 'triple lock' policy for 'double lock' after 2020.
List three law and order pledges from May's 2017 manifesto. Improve policing of borders; create a 'national infrastructure police force'; £1 billion to modernise the police estate.
When was the first Labour Government? 1924
What did Old Labour achieve? Creation of comprehensive schools.
Clause __ talked about the __________. Clause 4 talked about the ownership of the means of production by the working class.
When did Labour become Socially Democratic? After WW2.
Who provided the ideology for New Labour? Anthony Giddens (sociologist and author).
Are New Labour pro or anti EU? Pro.
What were New Labour mainly concerned with? (4) Sensible spending; wealth creation rather than redistribution; toughness on crimes (ASBOs); privatisation of public services.
How did Ed Miliband challenge New Labour policies when in power of the party? He wanted to tax the rich at 50%, leaning to Old Labour ideas.He attacked austerity and wanted to abolish things like 'bedroom tax'.
How did Miliband combine New Labour's support for business with their traditional defence of the working class? He drew a distinction between 'predatory' and 'responsible' capitalism.
In what ways was Ed Miliband criticised around the May 2015 election? Some policies were simply reflections of coalition policies such as calling for a crackdown on tax evasion and higher spending in the NHS. He was dubbed 'Red Ed' because of his previous hostility to the private sector.
What percentage of the 2015 Labour leadership election vote did the most Blairite contender win, and who was she? Less than 5% of the vote; Liz Kendall.
What percentage of the votes in the Labour leadership election did Jeremy Corbyn get? 60%
Give three key economic policies from Corbyn's 2017 election manifesto. 45p tax rate on £80,000 and over; 50p tax rate on £123,000 and over; spending 2% of GDP on defense.
Give three social policies from Corbyn's 2017 election manifesto. Scrapping of tuition fees; setting up of a national education service; insulation of homes of the disabled for free.
Which labour leader wanted to find a 'third way' between socialism and capitalism? Tony Blair
When did the SDP and the Liberals form to make the Liberal Democrats? 1988
How many seats did the Liberal Democrats have in the 2010-2015 coalition? 62
Give five examples of Conservative policies from the 2017 election manifesto. Increased spending on defense by 1/2 a percent over inflation each year; spending 0.7% of national income on global development; reformation of the police service focusing on counter-terrorism; UK shared prosperity fund; lower taxes and free-market trade.
How many of the 59 Scottish seats did the SNP win in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election? 47
How many seats do the SNP currently hold? 35
In what way was the coalition government detrimental to the Liberal Democrats? Any policy they lost their way on would make them seem weak, such as tuition fees, as it would appear that their involvement in the coalition was little.
Give five policies of the SNP. Reduction of the voting age limit; reduction of arms and weapons; Scottish independence and the ability for Scotland to remain in the EU; scrapping of tuition fees; no VAT increase.
Give five policies of the Green Party. The cancellation of Trident; devolving powers further; wealth tax; ceasing sales of arms to oppressive regimes; protection of the freedom of movement.
How many votes did UKIP return in the 2015 election, and how many did they return in the 2017 election? 3.9 million in 2015, 594,000 in 2017.
Give five policies of UKIP. Support for Grammar schools; reserving the NHS for British nationals; points based immigration; increase in law and order enforcement (20,000 more police); axe tuition fees in STEM and medicine.
What are the 10 main things that affect the success of a party? Catering to the majority; funding/exposure; leader's personality/history; economic climate; the public's priorities; foreign policy in relation to current affairs; global community; party history; concentration of support; radical or moderate.
Created by: lottieball17
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