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U.S. Constitution re
review of U.S constitution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does Congress regularly meet? | January third every year |
| How long is a term for a U.S. Representative? | 2 years |
| How long is a term for a U.S. Senator? | 6 years |
| Who is the head of the executive branch? | President |
| How many terms may a President serve? | 2 |
| What is the term of each Congress? | 2 years |
| What is the supreme law of the land? | U.S. Constitution |
| What does naturalization mean? | when a citizen from another country becomes a U.S. citizen |
| Why are the first 10 amendments referred to as the "Bill of Rights"? | they guarantee certain personal rights that the government cannot take away |
| What 5 powers are forbidden to the states? | coining money, declaring war, granting titles of nobility, making treaties with foreign nations, and passing ex-post facto laws |
| What is an ex-post facto law? | it tries to inflict a penalty or to make illegal some act that was not illegal at the time ( it can not be enforced) |
| What is the term of office of a federal judge? | Life, unless removed for cause |
| What is the judicial branch? | the Supreme court and other lower courts as Congress provides |
| What is the power of the judicial branch? | to interpret the law |
| What judicial power is held by the president? | the power to grant reprieves and pardons |
| What is treason? | acts of war against the U.S., or giving comfort and aid to an enemy |
| How many senators are there from each state? | 2 (elected at large) |
| Who is the presiding officer of the U.S. House? | The Speaker of the House (who is elected by the House) |
| Who is the presiding officer of the U.S. Senate? | The vice-President of the United States |
| How is a vacancy in the U.S. House of Representative filled? | Special election in the state |
| How has the U.S. Constitution been changed since it was adopted? | by amendment, court decisions, and presidential practices |
| In what 2 ways can amendments to the U.S. Constitution be made? | by a 2/3 vote of each house of Congress or a convention called by legislators |
| What form of government is guaranteed to each state by the Federal Constitution | republic |
| How are new states admitted? | by congress |
| What are the qualifications of a member of the House of Representatives? | 25 years old, 7 years as a U.S. citizen, and must live in the state they were chosen from |
| How are special sessions of Congress called? | by order of the President |
| How might a justice of the Supreme Court be removed from office? | impeachment |
| If a President is tried for impeachment, who will preside? | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| Who elects the President? | electoral college |
| Who counts the votes for President and Vice-President? | U.S. Congress (directed by President of the Senate) |
| What is the term of office for the President and Vice-President? | 4 years |
| When do the President and Vice-President take office? | January 20, following the election |
| What are the President's legislative powers? | veto legislation, call special sessions, and messages to Congress |
| What is the right of eminemt domain? | private property may be taken for public use only if payment or just compensation is made |
| What emergency legislative power rests with the President? | to call special sessions of Congress |
| What is the membership of the Supreme Court? | 1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices |
| what freedoms are protected in the 1st Amendment? | religion, speech, press, peaceable assembly, and petition of grievance |
| What does it mean if a law is 'unconstitutional'? | if the Supreme Court says it is contrary to the provisions of the Constitution |
| When do you have the right to a trial by a jury? | in all criminal prosecutions |
| What is the purpose of the Civil War Amendments? XIII, XIV, XV | 13 - freed the slaves, 14 - slaves had right to citizenship, 15 - slaves had the right to vote |
| What restrictions on voting are forbidden in the Constitution? | race, color, and sex |
| Where no mention of power is made in the Constitution, where does the power rest? | in the state government and the people |
| What is original and appellate jurisdiction? | original - cases that come to the courts; appellate - cases that come by appeal from the lower courts (Supreme Court usually handles appellate jurisdiction) |
| In what cases does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction? | cases affecting ambassadors or other public ministers and consuls, and cases when 2 or more states are involved in appellate jurisdiction |
| What freedoms are guaranteed by the 5th Amendment to someone accused of a crime? | can't be tried: for the same crime twice, to be a witness against himself, deprived of life, liberty, property without due process of law, or a major offense except on indictment by a grand jury |
| If no candidate receives a majority vote in the electoral college, how does Congress select a winner? | House selects President by simple majority; Senate selects Vice-President by simple majority |
| What are the qualifications for a member of the U.S. Senate? | 30 years old, 9 years citizen of the U.S., lives in the state from which they are chosen |
| What are the powers of the Speaker of the House? | assigns all bills introduced to committees, and has absolute control of debate in the House |
| What is the basis for the President's Cabinet? | custom and usage |
| What powers are denied Congress? | granting titles of nobility, taxing exports of any state, giving commercial preference to any state,passing bills of attainer or ex-post facto laws, or suspending privilege of a writ of habeas corpus |
| How are special sessions of Congress called? | by order of the President |
| How is money provided to run the federal government? | appropriations must be passed by Congress before money can be spent |
| What is "overriding" the President's veto? | if each branch of Congres again passes a vetoed measure by 2/3 vote, the bill becomes law |
| What is the veto power of the President? | the President may nullify a bill passed by Congress by sending it back to the original house for further consideration |
| Who is commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces? | President |
| What are the qualifications of the President? | 35 years of age and natural born citizen of the U.S. |
| Who prescribes the times, places, and how elections of senators and representatives take place? | legislature of each state; vacancies are by special election |
| What is the legislative branch? | law making branch |
| What is the executive branch? | law enforcing branch |
| What is the judicial branch? | law interpreting branch |
| How are major appointments to federal offices made? | by the President with advice and consent of the Senate |
| If the Senate is in recess, how can the President fill vacancies by appointment? | by granting commissions that expire at the end of the next session |
| What are the President's messages to Congress? | Yearly, he advises Congress on the state of the nation, budget issues, and legislation |
| When does the Vice-President have power to veto in the Senate? | only when the Senate is equally divided |
| What 3 powers does the Senate have that the House does not? | try impeachments, ratify treaties, and approval of presidental nominations |
| Who is the judge of election returns and qualifications of members of Congress? | each house of Congress |
| What body makes up the legislative department, Congress, and its 2 branches? | the House of Representatives and Senate |
| Name 6 cases where the federal courts have jurisdiction. | those under the laws of the U.S., those affecting ambassadors, when the U.S. is a party, between a state and citizen of another state, between states, and between citizens of different states |
| What is the 'implied powers clause'? | gives Congress the power to make all laws necessary and proper to execute all powers of Congress and the U.S. government |
| How many members does each state have in the electoral college? | as many as it has Senators and Representatives |
| What is impeachment? | proceedings brought against officers considered unfit to hold office |
| What penalty can be given by the Senate to someone who has been impeached? | removal from office and not being able to hold office under the U.S. government |
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