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Unit 5
The Gilded Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gilded Age | Era following the Civil War & Reconstruction |
| R.O.S.E. industries | Railroad |
| Thomas Edison | Inventor of the light bulb |
| Monopoly | Complete control over an industry |
| Trust | The boards that ran companies |
| John Rockefeller | Head of Standard Oil Company |
| Standard Oil | produced 90% |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who became a giant in the steel industry |
| Carnegie Steel | produced more than all steel companies in Great Britan |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Dominated railroad industry |
| Horizontal integration | Process in which companies producing similar products merge |
| Vertical integration | Process in which a company buys out its supplier |
| "Gospel of Wealth" | The idea that God made some men wealthy to take care of the rest |
| urbanization | The growth of cities |
| Ellis Island | Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the East Coast |
| "New Immigrants" | Eastern European immigrants that came to the U.S. |
| Nativism | Overt favoritism toward native-born Americans |
| Tenements | Multifamily urban dwellings |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Act that limited Chinese immigration |
| political machines | A group that controlled a political party |
| Boss Tweed | Head of New York City's powerful Democratic political machine |
| Tammany Hall | New York's political machine |
| Credit Mobilier Scandal | involved bribes by railroad companies to gain lands grants |
| Knights of Labor | First labor union |
| Samuel Gompers | Union Leader |
| American Federation of Labor | Founded by Samuel Gompers |
| Homestead Strike | Violence erupted at Carnegie's steel plant, Federal troops were called to re-open the factory with replacement workers |
| Haymarket Strike | unionists demanded an 8-hr day |
| When violence broke out | public opinion turned against unions |
| Pullman Strike | Railroad workers led a national strike when the Pullman Palace Company cut wages by 50%...President Cleveland sent the army to end the strike, Strikers in 27 states resisted & dozens died |
| Homestead Act | Act that offered free land to western settlers |
| Open Range | The open land that cowboys drove cattle over to railroads |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad that crosses the entire country |
| Assimilation Policy | Name of a plan to make Native Americans part of white culture |
| Sitting Bull | Leader of Hunkpapa Siuox |
| Little Big Horn | Site of Custer's Last Stand |
| George Custer | Colonel in U.S. Calvary |
| Wounded Knee | U.S. massacre of Sioux in South Dakota |
| Populism | Political movement that sought advancement for farmers and laborers |
| Bimetalism ("Free Silver") | backing money with silver and gold |
| William Jennings Bryan | Populist/Democratic presidential nominee |
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