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Unit 7
Enlightenment and Revolutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Ruler | A ruler who has largely unchecked power; all power was centralized in the monarch |
| Divine Rights | The idea that God has determined their place on the throne |
| King Louis XIV | King of France Claimed he was "The State" Built the Palace of Versailles |
| Ivan The Terrible | Ruler of Russia Converted Orthodox Church into Church of Russia Changed society into nobles,peasants, and serfs |
| Peter The Great | Had St. Petersburg serve as the "gateway to the west" Began development of modern weapons Modernize and westernize Russia |
| Charles I | King of England Abused rights in Magna Cartha Parliament revolted against Charles |
| King George III | King of England Pushed taxes on colonist An absolute ruler |
| The English Civil War | War between Charles I forces (Cavaliers) and Parliament (Roundheads), Parliament wins and New Model Army leader, Oliver Cromwell takes charge and establishes the Commonwealth period |
| The Roundheads | Forces of Parliament |
| The Cavaliers | Forces of King Charles I |
| The Restoration of The Monarchy | Parliament invites Charles II to take throne Charles II gave throne to James II due to not feeling obligated to the throne |
| The Glorious Revolution | Parliament invites William and Mary to take throne James II flees to France Mary and William grant an English Bill of Rights |
| The English Bill of Rights | Grants that Parliament controls revenue Parliament cannot be dissolved by the monarch |
| Thomas Hobbes | Believed absolutism is necessary Believes government has to control people |
| The Leviathan | Written by Thomas Hobbes |
| John Locke | Believes government should protect natural rights Believes in state of nature Believes people are born free and equal |
| Two Treatises on Government | Written by John Locke |
| Baron De Montesquieu | Believed in separation of power to prevent absolutism Proposed for government power to be divided |
| In The Spirit of Laws | Written by Charles Montesquieu |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Believes people are born good,free and equal Believes in direct democracy Believes in forming government to help sustain each other |
| The Social Contract | Written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| Voltaire | Believes in separation of church and state Believes government should protect religious freedom Believes all religion should have freedom |
| The American Revolution | Constitution includes separation of powers from Montesquieu Bill of Rights inspired by Enlightenment |
| The French Revolution | Caused by absolutism, no money, lack of food and estates general Establishment of the Committe of Public Safety Napoleon swoops in and defends France |
| The Storming of The Bastille | People revolt and "storm"the Bastile, military joins the mob |
| Louis XVI | King of France Sent troops to disband 3rd Estate Trailed for treason and was executed |
| The Reign of Terror | Radical phase that left a huge amount of people dead |
| Maximillian Robespierre | Executed enemies of the state Introduced guilotine |
| Napoleon | Defends France's boarders Overthrow the government and declare himself emperor |
| Napoleonic Code | A scribe that stated the new laws |
Created by:
cindyduong
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