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Sci Rev & Enlighten
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Scientific Revolution | A period of great advances in science that changed the way people thought about the physical world around them |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Developed the heliocentric theory: the sun is the center and that the earth revolves around it |
| Johannes Kepler | Proved planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits and planets move faster closer to the sun |
| Galileo Galilei | By using an improved telescope; he announced that Jupiter had moons which supported the heliocentric theory |
| Isaac Newton | He figured out that there is a force he called ‘gravity’ which creates planetary orbits. |
| Scientific Method | A method of using observation, experiments, and careful reason to gain new knowledge |
| Francis Bacon | He developed the use of inductive reasoning |
| Inductive reasoning | Takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable; “Specific to General” |
| Rene Descartes | Believed in deductive reasoning |
| Deductive Reasoning | Based on premises and if the premises are true, then the reasoning will be valid; “General to Specific” |
| Adam Smith | Economic philosopher who believed in free trade & free market and that the government should not control the economy |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Social philosopher who believed that women were equal in their ability to reason as men and women needed equal access to education to be equal in society |
| Absolute Monarchs | traditional rulers who had all the power and believed they got the right to rule from God |
| Thomas Hobbes | He believed people are evil and need absolute monarchs |
| John Locke | He believed that it was the government's job was to protect the people's natural rights |
| Natural Rights | Life, Liberty, and Property |
| Montesquieu | He believed that there should be three separate, equal branches of government |
| Three Branches of Government | Executive, Legislative, Judicial |
| Rousseau | He believed that there should be a social contract between the government and the people. If the people's rights are not protected; the people can form a new government |
| Voltaire | He believed in the separation of Church and State |
| Tolerance | If there is separation of church and state, people will allow for different people to have and express different beliefs |
| American Revolution | 1776; Colonists vs. British |
| French Revolution | 1789; Commoners vs. King |
Created by:
crogalny
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