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AICP - Hist/Law/Theo

AICP History, Law, and Theory

TermDefinition
What is the significance of Levittown to urban design? Levittown, NY (1947) was a postwar planned community designed by Alfred and William Levitt, who designed rows of identical housing using assembly line style.
What is the significance of Park Forest to urban design? Park Forest, IL (1947) was a postwar planned suburban community, and the first privately funded planned community in the US. It incorporated diversified housing selection.
What is the significance of Seaside to urban design? Seaside, FL (1982) incorporated compact development, walkable scale, mixed-uses, traditional neighborhood design principles (TNDs), and other elements of New Urbanism. Seaside was the New Urban town.
What is the significance of Letchworth to urban design? Letchworth, England (1903) catalyzed the New Town movement, which was very influential in US Greenbelt towns. Letchworth was the initial English town to incorporate Garden City design.
Who is Paulo Soleri? Paulo Soleri (1960s) advanced the notion that cities should be planned as one large building consisting of mega-structures, which are constructed partially underground. Believed this would created minimal disturbance to nature. In 1970 Arcosnti was born.
What is Arcosanti? Built in 1970, Arcosanti was the creation/dream of Paulo Soleri in Arizona. This model of development sought coherence between buildings and the natural environment, and efficient and non-wasteful use of resources.
Who is Robert Lang? Robert Lang (2002) authored Edgeless Cities, which has become the predominant urban form. It features large suburban office complexes that are not accessible by foot or public transit.
What is the significance of the World's Columbian Exposition to urban design? (1893) was a fair held in Chicago. The fairgrounds, which were designed by architect Daniel Burnham, incorporated principles of City Beautiful design, including the use of bright white paints on buildings. The fair grounds were also known as White City.
What is the significance of the regional plan for New York and its environs to urban design? (1929) argued for the neighborhood unit concept, which states that neighborhoods should be constructed along a walkable scale--meaning people should be able to walk around them easily. In most cases, neighborhood units contain about 6,000 people.
What is the significance of the New York World's Fair to urban design? (1939) advocated automobile usage and other modernist solutions to problems, such as the application of science.
What is the significance of the first skyscraper to urban design? Was built in 1885 in Chicago. It was made possible by the availability of steel in construction and safety elevators, first created by Elisha Otis.
Who is James Rouse? 50s- developed urban design found in indoor shopping malls; 60s built Columbia, MD community using colonial village archetype; & renovated downtowns: B-more Inner Harbor, NY's S St Seaport, &Boston's Fanueil Hall incorporating festival market places.
Who is Kevin Lynch? 60s- wrote Image of the City, which asserted that people can understand a city's layout more easily if the city planners incorporate certain design elements in construction: landmarks, edges, districts, nodes, and networks of paths
Who is Jane Jacobs? 61-Death and Life of Great American Cities, explaining sidewalks, land uses, user orientation, & other characteristics contribute to urban design. Vibrant urban design incorporates mixed LU, short blocks, and walkable scale. Inc activity & safer
Explain City Beautiful Movement. relied heavily on neo-classical arch, and sought to make parks, public art, and boulevards lined with trees part of urban design and civic improvement. Goals=perpetuating order, balance, and refinement in urban design.
Explain "Garden City" development and model proposes. A self-sufficient community that incorporates high-density development. It allows much open space for greenbelts, ag land, and other scenic components. Theory marked a departure from more conventional, industrialized city designs.
Explain "Garden Suburb" development and model proposes. Theory applied to res communities, and is based on the 1869 model of Riverside, IL as designed by Fredrick Law Olmsted, Sr. Incorporates well-manicured green space and curving streets.
Explain Greenbelt Towns. Planned based on Garden Cities and were gov't-sponsored in 1930s. Ex: Greenbelt, MD; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greendale, WI
Created by: Meb7z
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