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Unit 1
Colonization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| New Spain | The Caribbean, St. Augustine/Florida, Central America/Mexico, South America, the Southwest (Texas to California) |
| New France | French colony in North America. |
| Quebec | area of Canada that was settled by the French; one of its focuses was on the fur trade |
| New Amsterdam | Colony founded by the Dutch. |
| Virginia Colony | Formed by investors hoping to find gold in the New World. |
| Massachusetts Colony | established by the Puritans in the region known as New England |
| Pennsylvania Colony | founded by the religiously tolerant Quakers, led by William Penn |
| New Amsterdam (New York)-founded by the Dutch but in 1664 it was captured and | renamed by the British |
| New York | Originally New Amsterdam. |
| Jamestown | First permanent settlement in North America. |
| joint stock company | Companies in which investors pooled their wealth with the hope of yielding a profit. |
| John Rolfe | Introduced tobacco in Jamestown. |
| Powhatan Indians | Native Americas who lived in the area that became Jamestown. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | the first European-type legislative body in the New World; Established in Virginia |
| indentured servants | provided much of the labor in early Colonial America, especially in the Southern Colonies. They would agree to work without pay for a specified of years in return for passage to the New World. The practice fell out of favor after number |
| Bacon's Rebellion | an uprising largely of poor whites in Virginia who wanted land and the colonial government to take harsher actions toward American Indians; helped lead to the rise of slavery |
| New England Colonies | a colonial region that included Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. This region was dominated by the Puritans (except for Rhode Island) and was characterized by merchants, the fishing industry, and more healthy climate |
| Pilgrims | Founded the second permanent colony in North America, the Plymouth Colony. |
| Puritains | a religious movement in England that felt that the Reformation had not gone far enough in removing "Catholic" elements from the Church of England. Many Puritans migrated to the New England Colonies in order to practice their faith |
| John Winthrop's "City on a Hill" | Wanted Boston a a model for other Christians. |
| Mayflower Compact | Created by the Pilgrims, agreeing to work together as a "civil body plitick...", it was the first example of self government in America. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | First written constitution in U.S. history. |
| Town Hall Meetings | Government in New England colonies centered on the church. |
| King Phillip's War | was an early conflict between English colonists and American Indians |
| Half-way Covenant | allowed for partial church membership for the children and grandchildren of original Puritans |
| Salem Witch Trials | a series of trials resulting from a mass hysteria about witches; 150 were accused and 29 convicted |
| Middle Colonies | New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, & Delaware. |
| Penn's "Holy Experiment" | Founded a colony to promote religious toleration. |
| Creation of Georgia | Created by James Oglethorpe as a buffer colony between Carolina and Florida. |
| Salutary Neglect | An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies. |
| Middle Passage | the sea voyage that carried African slaves to North America; conditions on the ships were poor |
| Trans-Atlantic Trade | part of mercantilism where Britain required goods from the colonies to be shipped on British ships and that British products would have a monopoly of the market |
| Mercantilism | an economic theory that held that the best way to become a stronger nation was to acquire more wealth; helped influence the desire of European powers to set up colonies |
| Navigation Acts | Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade. |
| Ben Franklin | one of the best-known Founding Fathers who was a printer, scientist, statesmen, writer, businessman, philosopher, and inventor; a good example of individualism and social mobility |
| The Great Awakening | a religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 40s; led to a more distinct American identity |
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