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AP World Chapter 13
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mercantilism | the belief in benfitting from profitable trade, commercialism |
| bullion | gold or silver in bulk before coining or valued by weight |
| colony | a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country |
| encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. |
| hacienda | a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house. |
| castas | was a hierarchical system of race classification created by Spanish elites |
| peninsulares | any of the colonial residents of Latin America from the 16th through the early 19th centuries who had been born in Spain |
| creoles | a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean. |
| mestizo | a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. |
| mulatto | a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent. |
| plantation | an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor. |
| settler colonies | a form of colonial formation whereby foreign people move into a region. An imperial power oversees the immigration of these settlers who consent, often only temporarily, to government by that authority. |
| the cossacks | Cossacks were a group of predominantly East Slavic-speaking people who became known as members of democratic, self-governing, semi-military communities, sent to the East |
| peter the great | Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia. westernization, builds a navy, moved capital, dress |
| siberia | Siberia is a vast Russian province encompassing most of Northern Asia, with terrain spanning tundra, coniferous forest and mountain ranges |
| westernization | a process whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, law etc. |
| czar | an emperor of russia, russian word for ceasar |
| ivan iii | Ivan the Great was the first ruler of Russia |
| ivan iv | Ivan the terrible, son of Ivan III his rule became increasingly oppressive. he is mean and kills people who oppose him |
| boyars | a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince |
| akbar i | was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605 |
| ulama | a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology. |
| jizya | yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects |
| mamluk | yearly tax historically levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects |
| sati | a former practice in India whereby a widow threw herself onto her husband's funeral pyre. |
| janissary | a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries |
| treaty of tordesillas | agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers. |
Created by:
mdibble003
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