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Ancient Greece
VA SOLs for World History to 1500
| Area of Greek study | Elaboration and Details |
|---|---|
| Geography: Bodies of Water: | Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Medditerranean Sea, Dardanelles |
| Geography: Cities: | Athens, Sparta, Troy, Marathon, Ionia, Byzantium |
| Geography: Regions: | Asia Minor, Peloponnesian peninsula, Macedonia, Crete, Persian Empire |
| Soc./ Econ.: Agriculture: | Limited arable land, much coastal area, fishing, seafarers |
| Soc./ Econ.: Commerce: | Trading by sea, painted vases used to transport |
| Social/ Economic | Greeks switched from bartering to coins |
| Geography | mountains provided protection for cities, but hindered expansion |
| Cities | designed to promote civic and commercial life |
| Expansion | many colonies: due to overpopulation and multiple islands |
| Mythology | polytheistic, deities like humans, but with superhuman powers, offered explanations for natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events, key deities: Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena; depicted in Western Art as well as Greek art |
| Politics | rich, free men were citizens (later expanded to all free men); citizens had the responsibility of civic participation in government; women and foreigners had no rights; slaves had no rights |
| Athenian Gov't. | stages of gov't. evolution: monarchy> aristocracy> tyrrany> democracy; Tyrants who worked for democratic reform: Draco, Solon; Origin of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizens |
| Spartan Gov't. | oligarchy (ruled by a small group); rigid social structure; militaristic and aggressive society |
| Persian Wars | (499-449 BC) Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against Persia; Athenian victories at Marathon and Salamis left Greece in control of Aegean Sea; Athens preserved independence and continued innovations in gov't. and culture |
| Peloponnesian Wars | (431-404 BC) caused by competition for control of the Greek world-- Athens & Delian League vs. Sparta; results- weakening that left Greece open to invasion from Macedonia |
| Phillip II | king of Macedonia, conquered most of Greece, Alexander the Great's father, murdered |
| Alexander the Great | established empire from Greece to Egypt to the edge of India; exteneded Greek cultural influences; tutored by Aristotle- 4 years; general of Philip's armies at 16; leader of Greece at 20; died at 30- malaria; meshed Persian, Greek, and Macedonian culture |
| Hellenistic Age | blend of Greek and oriental elements, spread of Hellenistic culture through trade |
| Golden Age of Pericles | Pericles extended democracy- free men had equal voice; rebuilt Athens after Persian wars- included commision of Parthenon |
| Drama | Aeschylus, Sophocles, & Euripides= tragedy; Aristophenes= comedy |
| Poetry | Homer: Iliad and Odyssey |
| History | Herodotus- believed in influence by gods; Thucydides- wrote factual, scientific accounts |
| Architecture | columns- Ionic (small curl), Doric (v. plain), Corinthian (fancy); Parthenon: perception- stairs lower in middle to appear flat from a distance, colums fatter in middle |
| Science & Math | Archimedes (bathtub scientist), Hippocrates (doctor, hygiene); Euclid (father of geometry); Eratosthenes (estimated Earth's circumference within 1% correct); Pythagoras |
| Philosophy | Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Sophists, Zeno & Stoicism |
Created by:
moodystu
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