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SS Chapter 8
Vocab,War of 1812,SC Class Systems,"King Cotton",Antebellum SC, Important People
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Planter Class | -prosperous; owned several hundred acres -owned at least 20 slaves -excellent education opportunities |
| White Middle Class | -artisans and mechanics -owned their own small farms (yeoman) -small house, some animals, a couple barns or sheds -grew cotton to sell and grew their own food to eat |
| Poor Whites Class | -didn't own land -worked for low wages on someone else's farm -lowly, menial jobs in town -lived in shacks -children might have to depend on charity |
| Slaves and Servants Class | -fastest growing class in cotton kingdom -had no land; not paid to work -grew cotton, made tools, baskets, clothes, and cooked food -creating family was important -religion was a refuge and comfort |
| Pioneer | one who is the 1st to go into a new area, usually with hardships and risks |
| Who defeated the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timbers, and what did this allow? | General Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians, allowing westward expansion |
| Who made the Wilderness Road and where did it go? | Daniel Boone; Through the Cumberland Pass and to the western territories |
| What state and town is Daniel Boone famous for creating? | Kentucky and the town of Boonesborough |
| Who is known as the "Father of Tennessee"? | John Sevier |
| What were the 1st two western states to enter the Union? | Kentucky and Tennessee |
| Conestoga Wagon | covered wagon used on poor roads (muddy and snowy) |
| Flatboats | helped settlers go easily over shallow water; can be torn apart and sold as lumber |
| National Road | built by Federal government to connect the East to the western territories |
| Who owned New Orleans before the Louisiana Purchase? | France |
| Why was it important for the US to own Louisiana? | So the US would be able to ship goods by way of the Mississippi River and down to the Gulf of Mexico |
| Who made the Louisiana Purchase, and how much did it cost? | Thomas Jefferson; $15 Million |
| Who was sent to explore the Louisiana territory? | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark |
| What states (or parts of states) were formed from the Louisiana Purchase? | Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and parts of North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado |
| What were the two basic causes of the War of 1812? | -a lack of freedom of the seas(Britain forced American sailors to work on their ships; impressment) -Indians of the Northwest(British traded guns and weapons to Indians to use against settlers moving west) |
| During the War of 1812, the Americans were most successful where? | Lake Champlain and Lake Erie |
| Where was the "Star Spangled Banner" written and by whom? | After the battle at Fort McHenry in Baltimore by Francis Scott Key |
| What battle did the US win after the Treaty of Ghent was signed? | Battle of New Orleans |
| Who was Henry Clay? | young "War Hawk" (supports the war) from Kentucky; senator |
| Who was John C. Calhoun? | "War Hawk" came to Congress from South Carolina; outspoken |
| Who was Daniel Webster? | young Congressman from Massachusetts; against the war and wanted negotiation |
| Who was Oliver H. Perry? | commanded the American fleet on Lake Erie |
| Who won fame in the Battle of New Orleans? | Andrew Jackson |
| Who was president of the US in 1812? | James Madison |
| What was the nickname given to the good ship "Constitution"? | "Old Ironsides" |
| What is Andrew Jackson's nickname? | Old Hickory |
| Account of the writing of the "Star Spangled Banner" | Francis Scott Key wrote it after Fort McHenry, later added music then turned into a song, eventually made national anthem |
| How did cotton production affect slaves? | A need for slave labor increased |
| Who invented the cotton gin and how did it affect the way cotton was produced in SC? | Eli Whitney; enabled the Upcountry to produce short-fiber cotton easily |
| In 1821, what percentage of SC's production was cotton? | 29% (1/2 of all the cotton grown in the US each year back then) |
| What resulted in farmers not taking care of the soil? | It was overworked and unfertilized, causing farmers to move West and start over |
| How did the price of cotton fluctuate during the 1820s? | price went down along with SC's prosperity |
| Blue Laws | restricted activities on Sunday; buying and selling, playing games and sports, and nonessential work were illegal on Sundays |
| Who from Charleston, SC became a nationally known architect? | Robert Mills |
| What public buildings in Washington, DC were designed by Robert Mills? | Treasury Building, the Patent Office, and the Washington Monument |
| What is a diverse economy and who argued for it in SC? | a mix of agriculture, industry, commerce, and banking; William Gregg |
| William Gregg opened the first major what in SC? | Cotton Mill/ Textile Factory |
| Other than textiles, what other industries were popular? | Pottery, Gold Mining, and Railroad Industry |
| Nationalism | sense of pride in one's country, its people, its institutions, and government |
| Why was nationalism so strong in the mid-1800s? | American ships were attacked by Great Britain and France, bringing Americans closer together |
| What are internal improvements and what do they consist of? | government projects to improve transportation and trade; building roads, bridges, and canals, and improving harbors |
| Sectionalism | allegiance to one region of the country as opposed to loyalty to the broader interests of the whole country |
| Yeoman farmers | small landowning farmer |
| Camp Meeting | religious and social event emerging from the Second Great Awakening where hundreds gathered for several days, lived in tents or small shacks, and participated in numerous worship services |
| States' Rights | belief that rights and powers of the states are more important than the rights and powers of the federal government |
| Mill Village | a company-owned cluster of housing near a mill or factory |
| Protective Tariffs | duty on imports that is high enough to protect American manufactured goods from competition from cheaper foreign good |
| Nullify | to declare a law invalid and of no effect |
| Secession | dissolving a state's connection to the nation and becoming a separate nation |
| Textile | thread, yarn, cloth, and clothes |
| Deference | respect |
| Duel | a fight with weapons between two people, following strict rules |
| Factors | brokers |
| Menial | lowly |
| Naturalist | a person who studies plants and animals, often as an amateur |
| Currency | money |
| Abominable | horrible, detestable |
| Ironic | an unexpected outcome |
| Secessionists | those who wanted to withdraw from the Union |
| Martyr | a person who suffers or dies for a cause |
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