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Academic Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| grievances | an official statement of a complaint over something believed to be wrong or unfair. |
| representation | the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone |
| civil disobedience | the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. |
| civic virtue | is morality or a standard of righteous behavior in relationship to a citizen's involvement in society |
| ratification | the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid. |
| bicameral | having two branches or chambers |
| due process | fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. |
| judicial review | review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. |
| federalism | is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government |
| unalienable rights | life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness |
| domestic problems | Of or relating to a country's internal affairs: domestic issues such as taxes. |
| political parties | an organization of people who share the same views about the way power should be used |
| foreign policy | a government's strategy in dealing with other nations |
| protective tariffs | are tariffs that are enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic industry |
| embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. |
| Marbury v. Madison | the Supreme Court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the Constitution. |
| debt | Money, goods, or services owed by an individual, firm, or government to another individual, firm, or government |
| National Bank | a commercial bank that is chartered under the federal government and is a member of the Federal Reserve System |
| Federalists | a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government |
| Democratic‐Republicans | They believed that the Constitution was a "strict" document that clearly limited the powers of the federal government |