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WWII Final Exam
Flashcards for WWII elective Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Yalta Conference | Meeting of United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union where it was decided that Germany and Berlin would be divided. |
| Potsdam Conference | Meeting of the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union where it was decided that the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan on August 15, 1945. Also where the US President received news of the successful atomic bomb test. |
| Hiroshima | The first use of an atomic bomb. About 80,000 were killed instantly. |
| Nagasaki | The second use of an atomic bomb. About 40,000 were killed instantly. |
| Wannsee Conference | Meeting called to come up with a “final solution” to the “Jewish question”. |
| Hideki Tojo | Japanese Prime Minister who ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| Douglas MacArthur | Commander of US forces in the Philippines. Was forced to leave and upon arriving in Australia, famously declared, “I shall return”. |
| Doolittle’s Raid | Planned as revenge for Pearl Harbor. Bombers targeting Japan were launched from carriers, and although the success was very limited, it boosted American morale. |
| Bataan Death March | 65 mile trek in which prisoners were given no food or water and were beaten and killed by the Japanese along the way. |
| Midway | Turning point of the war in the Pacific. After this battle the Japanese won no major battles. |
| Anschluss | The uniting of Germany and Austria, which was forbidden by the settlements of WWI. |
| Munich Conference | Often seen as the best example of appeasement where the British and French give Germany and Hitler the Sudetenland. |
| Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact | Agreement whose secret clauses allowed for the division of Poland. |
| Nuremburg Laws | Series of laws designed to strip Jews of the rights and, eventually, citizenship. |
| Appeasement | Policy of giving into demands in order to maintain peace. |
| Beer Hall Putsch | Attempt by Hitler and the Nazi’s to seize power by capturing government leaders in Bavaria. Ultimately, this failed leading to Hitler’s imprisonment. |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator who created Fascism. Gained power through use of his “blackshirts”. Orchestrated Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia. |
| Kristallnacht | Organized attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues. Literally means “Night of Broken Glass” |
| Lebensraum | German word for living space. |
| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister whose policy of appeasement can best be seen at the Munich Conference. Believed agreements with Hitler ensured “peace for our time” |
| Adolf Hitler | German dictator who is responsible for the rise of the Nazis, attempting to “right the wrongs of Versailles”, and outright German expansion. |
| Mein Kampf | Hitler’s book that shared his views on WWI, Jews, Communists, and his vision for the postwar world. |
| Sudetenland | Portion of Czechoslovakia with a majority German population that was given to Hitler at the Munich Conference. |
| Enabling Act | Law passed by the Reichstag that gave Hitler virtual dictatorial powers. |
| Operation Barbarossa | Code name for the invasion of the Soviet Union. |
| Operation Eagle | Code name for the German attack on British airfields and aircraft factories |
| Operation Catapult | Code name for the mission of the British navy to destroy the French navy to prevent it from falling into Nazi hands. |
| Operation Sea Lion | Code name for the German plan to invade Great Britain. |
| Evacuation of Dunkirk | Event which allowed the rescue of many British troops allowing them to fight another day. |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister. Known for his rousing war time speeches that encouraged the British people. |
| Charles de Gaulle | Leader of the Free French who, from London, encouraged the French people to resist German occupation. |
| Erwin Rommel | Known as the “desert fox”. Was put in charge of German forces in Africa after Italy’s forces were overwhelmed. |
| Lend Lease Act | Altering of the Neutrality Acts which allowed for the allies of the United States to borrow vital war materials. |
| Free French | Group who led French resistance against the Nazis |
| Katyn Forest | Incident where 5,000 Polish officers were murdered by the Soviets and buried in mass graves. |
| Cash and Carry Policy | Altering of the Neutrality Acts which allowed Great Britain to purchase was supplies under the condition that they transport them across the Atlantic itself. |
| Commissar Decree | The ordering of the murder of Russians wearing the Communist insignia. |
| Confetti Campaign | The first flights over Berlin by the British was not to drop bombs, but leaflets, earning this nickname. |
| Maginot Line | Series of fortifications between the French and German border. Proved ineffective as the Germans went around it. |
| Luftwaffe | Name of the German airforce |
| Harry Truman | Man who made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan at the end of World War II |
| Great Marianas Turkey Shoot | Nickname for the Battle of the Philippine Sea where the US shot down 243 of 373 Japanese planes. |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944 - the Day the Battle of Normandy began. It was the first step toward retaking occupied France from the Nazis. |
| Battle of the Bulge | Allied name for the last desperate offensive of the Germans near the end of the war. |
| Einzatzgruppen | Mobile killing squads responsible for mass murder of Jews and Slavs on the Eastern Front and responsible for the relocation of European Jews. |
| Nuremberg Laws | A series of Anti-Jewish Laws in Nazi Germany. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Agreement that ended World War I. Contained a series of clauses that brought resentment to post-war Germany. |
| Huff-Duff | Allowed Allies to find submarines by their radio transmissions. |
| The White Rose | Name of subversive group and leaflet distributed in Nazi Germany that blamed Hitler for Germany’s problems. |
| Jeanette Rankin | The only member of the House of Representatives to vote against US involvement in both WWI and WWII |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Commanded the Allied invasion of France. |
| Paul Tibbets | Pilot of the Enola Gay, the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima |
| Weygand Line | A new line of defenses extending from the Maginot Line |
| Olympic | Code name for the planned invasion of Kyushu |
| Coronet | Code name for the Allied invasion of the Japanese Island of Honshu. |
| Fascism | Political Movement of extreme nationalism that emphasizes the state over the individual. |
| Atlantic Wall | Hitler's attempt to fortify Western France against the Allied invasion. |
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