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China
Ancient China
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chinese belief system from 500s BCE that emphasized family loyalty, filial piety, education, obedience, peace, and ancestors | Confucianism |
| Chinese religion from 500s BCE that emphasized following the mystical "Way." It celebrated the harmony of nature as well as the balance of opposites . The Yin and Yang symbolizes many aspects of this religion. | Daoism |
| Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | Legalism |
| an ancient trade route between China and Europe | silk road |
| in Confucian thought, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | filial piety |
| This was built using the labor of farmers. Qin built and extended it to keep out Xiongnu. | The Great Wall of China |
| A line of rulers who belong to the same family | dynasty |
| early Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. | Shang dynasty |
| (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with the emperor at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. | Zhou dynasty |
| the chaotic last centuries of the Zhou dynasty where different powers fought for control of China | The Period of the Warring States |
| 221-206 BCE, Qin Shi Huangdi defeated all Warring States and used Legalism as its base of belief | Qin dynasty |
| (206 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; started civil service exams | Han dynasty |
| suitable for growing crops [in reference to land or soil] | arable |
| Also known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations started in this valley. | Yellow River |
| China's largest and longest river, and the third longest river in the world | Yangtze River |
| soldiers on horseback | cavalry |
| A member of a rich and powerful family and the wealthy social class in a society | aristocrat |
| A member of a rich and powerful family and the wealthy social class in a society | noble |
| A power or law believed to be granted by a god | Mandate of Heaven |
| Farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops | tenant farmer |
| the ruler of an empire | emperor |
| The most famous Daoist teacher; wrote the basic text of Daoism, "The Dao de Ching" | Laozi (Lao Tsu) |
| Founder of legalism and believed that harsh punishments were the only way to control people. | Hanfeizi |
| A political system in which nobles, aristocrats, or lords are given the use of lands that belong to their king, in exchange for their protection, loyalty, and military service | feudalism |
| animal bones carved with written questions then heated until cracks appear; used for telling the future | oracle bones |
| fine, yellow silt deposited by wind and water; It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. | loess |
| The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty. | Anyang |
| one of the top attractions in China; Emperor Qin ordered the creation of the life-sized clay army soldiers. | Terracotta Army |
| Do to others whatever you would have them do to you (found in cultures all around the world) Confucius is given credit for it in China. | Golden Rule |
| northern China desert | Gobi desert |
| Family members from past generations (parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, etc.) | ancestors |
| Picture writing; drawings that represent an object or a word | pictographs |
| written language that combines two or more pictographs to represent a more complicated idea | ideographs |
| A way to categorize or rank people in a society based on money, type of job, power, or prestige | social class |
| a farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain | terrace farming |
| an ancient nomadic people who formed a state or confederation centered in modern Mongolia during the Han dynasty. They raided China and the Chinese called them "barbarians" | Xiongnu |
| Ruler and war general of the Mongols (1206-1227). He united all of the Mongolian tribes and started the Mongol Empire. He gave himself this name, and it means the "oceanic" or "universal" leader. | Genghis Khan |
| First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He created a strong government with strict laws and punishments. He had the Great Wall built, as well as the Terracotta Army. | Qin Shi Huang (Shihuangdi) |
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