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we the people
study guide 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | Our nations first constitution. The articles created our first national government. Congress adopted the Articles in 1777. Final approval in 1781. Provided for a week central government. |
| Inalienable rights | Fundamental rights that every person has that cannot be taken away by government. This phrase was used in the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Declaration of Independence. |
| Popular sovereignty | The natural rights concept that ultimate political authority rests with the people. This is a basic idea about government in the constitution. |
| Rule of law | Both government and the people being governed must obey the law. This is an idea in the Magna Carta. |
| Common law | The body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on custom and earlier juicial decisions, which constitutes the bases of the English legal system and became part of American law. |
| English Bill of Rights | An act passed by Parliament in 1689 that limited the power of the monarch. This document established Parliament as the most powerful branch of the English government. |
| Feudalism | William the Conquerer brought a system for governing. This is a system of social, economic, and political organizations. The system is based on the countrol of land. 3 social groups: Royalty, Nobility, Common people. |
| Magna Carta | This document known as the Great Charter, was agreed to by King John of England in 1215 at the demand of his barons. The Magna Carta granted certain civil rights and liberties to English nobles, such as the right to a jury of ones peers. |
| Magna Carta | Guarantees against loss of life, liberty or property, except in accordance with law. In doing so, it limits power to monarch. This document is land mark in the history of constitutional government. |
| Parliament | legislative body of British government. Consists of two houses: the House of Lords, representing the nobility, most of whose appointments are no longer hereditary, and he House of Commons, reperesent the people. |
| Petition of Right | 1628. A statute that limited the English kings power to tax people without the consent of Parliament and guaranteed certain rights to English subjects. |
| Rights of Englishmen | Basic legal claims established over time, that all subjects of the English monarch were understood to have. This included the right not to be kept in prison without a trial and the right to trial by jury. |
| Boston Massacre | On March 5 1770, a mob of colonists harassed british soldiers guarding the tax collectorsoffice in Boston. The soldiers opened fire, killing 5 Bostonians. This act of violence laid the foundation for the FIrst Continental Congress. |
| Lexington and Concord | On April 19, 1775, fighting broke out between Great Britain and American colonies at these two towns in Massachusetts. This was the start of The Revolutionary War. |
| Stamp Act | A British law that required the payment of a tax through the purchase of stamps for documents such as newspapers, magazines, and legal and commercial papers of all kinds (1765). This was used to help pay Britains debt due to wars they had been in. |
| Continetal Congress | Purpose of the Congress was to decide on the best response to the actions of the British government. It was the start of a unified American government. |
| Loyalists | Colonists who opposed American independence and remained loyal to Great Briain during the American Revolution. |
| Patriots | Those Americans who supported the war for independence against Great Britain. |
| Declaration of Independence | A proclamation that listed the basic principles of democratic government, stated the colonists grievances against the king, and gave reasons why the colonists were free from British rule. Signed by members of the congress on July 4, 1776. |
| George Washington | leader of the Army in the Revolutionary War. |
| Yorktown Surrender | the final military act that ended the Revolutionary war. In October 1781, American and French forces blocked a British escape from Yorktown Peninsula in Virginia. On Oct 17-19 1781,the British forces under Lord Cornwallis surrended at Yorktown to America |
| Treaty of Paris | The agreement signed on September 3, 1783, between Great Brieain and US that ended the Revolutionary War. With the treaty, Great Britain recognized the independence of the US. |
| Legislative Supremacy | A system of government in which the legislative breanch has ultimate power. |
| Shays Rebellion | An armed revolt by Massachusetts farmers in 1786-87 who sought relief from debts and foreclosures of mortgages. Led by Daniel Shays, the group prevented judges from hearing mortgage foreclosure cases and attempted to capture and arsenal. |
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