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SS Finalstudy Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| who most likely would have supposed a plan for Reconstruction that included harsh demands on ex-Confederates in the South? | the "Radical Republicans" in Congress |
| which statesmemt best describes the difference between sharecropping and tenant farming? | sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned farm animals and equipment to use in working other people's lands |
| President Andrew Jackson's leniency w/ former Confederate officials, and his veto of legislation designed to provide Civil Rights and financial aid to former slaves, angered who? | the Radical Republicans |
| how did the Dred Scott Case help push the nation closer to war? | siding with the Southern institutions of slavery, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property, not citizens and that the federal government did not have the power to stop slavery in territories, contributing the rising sectionalism in the country |
| all of the following week underlying causes of the Civil War except for? a) slavery b)debate of secession c) election of 1865 d) state's rights | c) election of 1865 |
| OUTLAWED SLAVERY during which phase of Reconstruction was the above amendment ratified? a) military Reconstruction b) presidental Reconstruction c) judicial Reconstruction d) congressional Reconstruction | b) presidental Reconstruction |
| What were the effects of the Civil War on Georgia? | thousands of Georgians died fighting in the war while many others suffered at home |
| Why was the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed? | Black Codes restricted the rights of freedmen |
| what was secession? | the act of pulling out of the Union |
| Who was the president of the Union? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Who was the president of the Confederate? | Jefferson Davis |
| How did Andersonville play a role in the Civil War? | Andersonville was the largest of several military prisons for Confederate prisoners established during the Civil War |
| Who was in charge of the prison at Andersonville? | General Henry Wirtz |
| What was the most devastating thing to occur to the South's economy during the Civil War? | the Union Blockade |
| What were the first and second bloodiest battles of the Civil War? | The Battle of Gettysburg and The Battle of Chickamauga |
| what was a abolitionist? | a person who worked to end slavery |
| what was slavery? | the treatment of people as property. people who are denied freedom in this way are said to be enslaved |
| reconstruction? | the period of time after the civil war in which southern states were rebuilt and brought back to the union |
| robert e. lee? | general who surrendered at the Appomatax Courthouse |
| ulysses s. grant? | general of the union who later became president |
| fort sumter? | battle that started the civil war |
| appomatax courthouse? | the location where the confederacy surrendered to the union |
| battle of gettysberg? | the battle where lincoln gave a famous speech; it was a turning point for the union |
| "border" states? | maryland, kentucky, delaware, and missouri |
| emancipation proclamation | freed slaves in states in rebellion |
| antietam | bloodiest single day in americaan history |
| bull run (manassas) | first battle of the civil war |
| anaconda plan | the union plan to strangle and defeat the south |
| john wilkes booth | assassin of abraham lincoln |
| west point | the college that many generals on both sides of the civil war attended |
| minie ball | new ammunition that helped cause the many casualties of the civil war |
| manifest destiny | the belief that the united states had the right to expand westward by adding territory until it reached the pacific ocean |
| territorial espantion | the united states grew larger as it annexed land/territories |
| pioneers | a person that settles a new place before others. in the 1800s, these were people that moved west |
| frontier | an undeveloped region on the edge of settled territory |
| annex | to take territory and join it with a state or country |
| louisiana purchase | thomas jerfferson`s 1803 acquisition of land that doubled the size of the united states at the time |
| lewis and clark | explorers who traveled through the western united states between 1803 and 1806, gathering information about the terrain, wildlife and native american culture |
| oregon trail | route followed by wagon trains of early white settlers moving to the pacific northwest. the train ended in oregon, many people died along the way due to the strenuous journey, lack of food and water and disease |
| sacajewea | the name of the native american girl who helped lewis and clark on their expedition. she carried her child as she helped them |
| the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo | 1848 treaty which ended the u.s.- mexican war and gave the u.s. land in the southwest including parts of present day texas, california and arizona in exchange for a payment of $15 million to mexico |
| mexican cession | after losing the u.s.- mexican war, mexico ceded land to the u.s. this land included parts or all of what is now california, nevada, new mexico. arizona, colorado, utah and wyoming |
| santa fe trail | trail that went through santa fe, new mexico |
| 49ers | gold was discovered in california in 1848. people rushed to california during the gold rush in 1849 |
| justifications for manifest destiny | 1) Christianity- america had a right to spread its religion 2) democracy- america should spread its government so more people could benefit from democracy 3) overpopulation- americans needed more land for growing population 4) economy- growth of ameri |
| the alamo | first battle of the Texas revolution. santa anna's army put this fort under siege and after 13 days, attacked the americans inside. all americans died |
| effect of texas revolution | texas became an independent country, the republic of texas. however, many americans wanted texas to be annexed onto the united states. mexico was reluctant to sign give up this territory and later would claim that texas was not actually independent. |
| battle of san jacinto | the last battle of the texas revolution. in this battle american troops snuck up behind mexican troops by the san jacinto river as they were napping. americans were successful in this battle and even captured santa anna, forcing him to sign a treaty and e |
| oregon treaty | signed tin 1846 to resolve a border dispute with britain over the oregon treaty. set up the 49th parallel as america's northern border |
| pioneers | someone is first to settle in a region or enter into a project |
| who was the first to explore the interior gerogia | hernando de soto |
| who were the crusades | a war carried out by european christians gain control of the holy land from their Muslim rulers |
| what was de soto searching for | gold and glory |
| what did he bring to the natives | death, diseases, destruction |
| who was the one trustee that found georgia? | james oglethorpe |
| 2 deepwater seaports in GA | savannah and brunswick |
| busiest airport in the u.s. | hartsfield jackson international airport in atlanta |
| railroads | an important mode of transportation used to ship a large amount of goods nationwide |
| interstate highway system | national highway system established by the federal government in the 1900s |
| urban sprawl | a term used to negatively characterize the "movement" of elements of urban areas into rural and suburban communities |
| what spanish exploror traveled through georgia searching for gold | hernando desoto |
| which group of people could become colonist in georgia according to its charter | methodists |
| what group of Indians lived in the area where oglethorpe led his Georgia colonists | the yamacraw |
| which famous ship traveled Oglethorpe and Georgia's first colonist from England to the new world | the ann |
| where did James Oglethorpe land his colonist in Georgia to being the 13 colony | Yamacraw in the Savannah river |
| which was not a major source of discontent with Georgias early colonist | the ban of Chatholicism |
| _____________ was the first planned city that was designed with four squares in the middle of town | savannah |
| charity | legal personality, organization for good purpose |
| defense | to protect something |
| charter of 1732 | It told the rules of the colony |
| james oglethorpe | Founder of the Georgia Colony |
| mary musgrove | Interpreter between James Oglethorpe and Chief of the Yamacraw Indians |
| Tomochichi | Chief of the Yamacraw Indians; allowed Georgia colonists to build the city of Savannah on Yamacraw bluff |
| yamacraw bluff | Geographic feature that impressed Oglethorpe to build Savannah |
| savannah | a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions. |
| salzburgers | German-speaking Protestant colonists that founded Ebenezer and New Ebenezer |
| highland scots | Early immigrants to the Georgia colony Per Oglethorpe, settled Darien, Ga. (which was on the northern bank of the Altamaha River...the southern border of the Georgia colony at the time) Were fierce fighters/helped defend border w/Spanish Florida |
| darien | the first city in georgia |
| was the trading system for goods between england and the colonies. the goal was to sell more than you buy | mercantilism |
| john reynolds | (1754-1756) the 1st royal governor |
| henry ells | ( 1757- 1760) 2nd royal governor |
| james wright | ( 1760 - 1781 ) 3rd royal governor |
| What were the causes of the American Revolution? | Proclamation of 1763, Intolerable Acts, Stamp Act, Mercantilism, Lack of Representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French & Indian War. |
| Intolerable Acts | In response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses. |
| ben franklin | American patriot, writer, printer, and inventor. During the Revolutionary War he persuaded the French to help the colonists. |
| king George III | He was the king of England from 1760 to 1820, exercised a greater hand in the government of the American colonies than had many of his predecessors. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. |
| thomas jefferson | He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States. |
| george washington | Commander of the Continental Army. He had led troops during the French and Indian War, and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and was much more successful in this second command |
| Lexington and Concord | A 1775 conflict between colonial minutemen & British soldiers attempting to take the colonists' large store of arms; The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war |
| Saratoga | The battle which was the turning point of the Revolution because after the colonists won this major victory, the French decided to support us with money, troops, ships, etc. |
| Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. |
| Treaty of Paris of 1783 | This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi Rive |
| Loyalist | A person who supported the British during the American Revolution |
| propaganda | material distributed by those in favor of a specific cause and reflecting their point of view, Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. |
| Patriot | A person who supported the colonists during the American Revolution, a colonist who wanted to break free from Britain's rule |
| First Continental Congress | September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts |
| Second Continental Congress | They organized the Continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Army | Army formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress and led by General George Washington |
| Sons of Liberty | a group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the American Revolution. |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution. |
| Declaration of Independence | The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence |
| Paul Revere | American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818) |
| Boston Tea Party | colonists angry over tax on tea protested by throwing the tea into the harbor |
| Proclamation of 1763 | The British king forbade the colonists from moving into lands west of the Appalachian mountains |
| Tea Act | Tax on all British tea |
| Stamp Act | a tax on all printed materials |
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