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Chap13 Western Civ
Study Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The two traditions about how sinful human beings can gain salvation are | church ritual and individual faith |
| In the late medieval period, lay people sought a more personal religious experience through all EXCEPT | joining religious orders in unprecedented numbers. |
| All of the following eroded the prestige of the late medieval papacy EXCEPT | the successes of the Ottoman Turks. |
| New religious ideas were spread in all of the following ways EXCEPT | sermons by the clergy. |
| The Christian humanists attempted to use humanist techniques in the service of religion by | retranslating and reanalyzing the Bible to understand it more accurately |
| Erasmus wanted | a revival of purer faith without rejecting the traditional authority of the Church. |
| Martin Luther's basic problem was that | he felt a righteous God would never forgive his sins. |
| The pope excommunicated Luther because | he rejected the pope's authority and the validity of the sacraments. |
| Luther's last major act of reform was to | translate the Bible into German so ordinary people could read it for themselves. |
| Popular enthusiasm for Luther's revolt was demonstrated by all of the following EXCEPT | radical preachers began calling for Lutheranism to be institutionalized as the empire's state church. |
| By the 1550s, what percentage of the Holy Roman Empire had embraced Lutheranism? | approximately half |
| Luther's doctrine of the equality of all believers in the eyes of God had all of the following effects EXCEPT | it originated independent and pioneering behavior among Europeans. |
| Zwingli and Luther agreed on all of the following issues EXCEPT | the symbolic meaning of the sacraments of baptism and communion. |
| The Melchiorite Anabaptists at Münster did all of the following EXCEPT | forcibly rebaptize all citizens. |
| Calvinism was well adapted to struggle against Catholicism for all the following reasons EXCEPT | its tenets were left vague, so different congregations could adapt them to local conditions. |
| Henry VIII separated the English Church from Rome | to get a divorce |
| The pre-existing strengths of the Catholic Church included all of the following EXCEPT | clearly defined doctrines |
| The Council of Trent accomplished all of the following EXCEPT | updating the version of the Bible accepted as authoritative. |
| The most common contribution of women to the Counter-Reformation was | through founding new orders |
| Which of the following was a core element of Ignatius Loyola's new order? | rigorous educational preparation |