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ALU 4

American Revolution

TermDefinition
Crossing the Delaware Washington and his troops took a desperate gamble on December 25, 1776 and crossed the Delaware River to win an important victory against Hessian Mercenaries, many soldiers decided to re-enlist.
Battle of Trenton (December 26, 1776) Washington and his troops surprised the German mercenaries (the Hessians) on Christmas Eve to win an important victory.
Battle of Saratoga (August 16, 1777) This was the first head to head victory for the Continental Army. General Horatio Gates defeated the most powerful army in the World, the British Army. France agreed to support the patriot cause making it a turning point of the war.
Valley Forge Winter camp of the Continental Army in 1777-78. Troops suffered greatly, but trained to become a better army. "The Crisis" by Thomas Paine encouraged many to keep fighting.
Battle of Yorktown (October, 1781) This was the final battle of the war. General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington after a long siege.
Treaty of Paris 1783 This was the final agreement to end the war between Great Britain and the new United States. If officially gave the US independence.
France The main ally of the patriots that sent money, men (like Lafayette) and ships to defeat the British.
Republicanism The citizens of a country are able to select their own leaders, usually through voting.
Mercenary A professional soldier hired to fight a war, such as the Hessians from Germany.
Guerrilla A fighting style that uses surprise and unconventional tactics. Americans learned this during the French and Indian War.
Legacy Something that lasts after an event is over.
George Washington leader of the Continental Army.
Baron von Stueben Professional German soldier that trained the Continental Army in fighting tactics, especially use of the bayonet.
Lord Cornwallis British General in charge of the fight against the patriots.
Marquis de Lafayette Young French nobleman who shared his knowledge of the British Army with Washington.
Loyalists Colonists who did not want independence from Great Britain.
Patriots Colonists who waned independence from Great Britain.
James Armistead Slave who acted as a spy on the British Army.
Bernardo de Galvez Spanish governor who fought against the British and helped supply the Continental Army.
Haym Salomon Jewish merchant (businessman) who helped find money for the patriot cause, spied on the British.
Ben Franklin Minister to France, convinced them to help the Americans fight the British.
"Swamp Fox" Francis Marion and his guerillas fought the British Army and Loyalist militias in the Southern Colonies.
Nathaniel Greene Commander of the southern Continental Army, chased Cornwallis toward Yorktown in 1781.
Thomas Paine Author of "Common Sense" and "The Crisis", both essays helped the Patriot side understand reasons for wanting independence and the need to fight.
Abigail Adams Early supporter of equal rights for women and African Americans, asked her husband in a to "remember the ladies" as he was helping write the Declaration of Independence.
Mercy Otis Warren American playwright, considered an historian of the American Revolution.
Created by: Ms. Carr's class
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