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US History Test 2
Colonization-Age of Jackson
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism economic system of using colonies to get more resources | Triangular Trade (Trans-Atlantic trade) British control of trade across Atlantic 1. Britain to Africa-manufactured goods 2. Africa to America (middle passage)- Trade goods for slaves 3. Americas back to Britain-raw goods to be manufactured |
| New England colonies development was founded for religious freedom | religious tensions led to the founding of other colonies (Rhode Island) |
| Massachusetts Colony | First New England colony settled by Puritan families for religious freedom |
| Mercantilism economic system of using colonies to get more natural resources | Triangular Trade (Trans-Atlantic trade) British control of trade across Atlantic 1. Britain to Africa-manufactured goods 2. Africa to America (middle passage)- Trade goods for slaves 3. Americas back to Britain-raw goods to be manufactured |
| New England colonies development was founded for religious freedom | religious tensions led to the founding of other colonies (Rhode Island) |
| Massachusetts Colony | First New England colony settled by Puritan families for religious freedom |
| King Philips War- between New England colonists and Native Americans over land | Many Native Americans were killed and colonist got more land |
| Salem Witch Trials 1. religious belief extreme 2. increase population 3. poor relationship with Native Americans 4. sexism | Massachusetts colonists accused of witchcraft, 19 were hung |
| Massachusetts charter-was cancelled and became royal colony (governed by the king) | England took more control over trade between America and the colonies |
| Great Awakening | increase in Christianity because ministers traveled from colony to colony to preach (religious revival) |
| Salutary Neglect | Britain didn't strictly enforce trade laws on American colonies, so colonies governed themselves |
| French and Indian War between Great Britain and France over land (in Ohio & W. Pennsylvania) | Great Britain won with the help of the colonists, but many Native Americans supported the French |
| Treaty of Paris of 1763 | Ended the French & Indian War 1. force France to give up all land east of Mississippi river, except New Orleans and turn over control of Canada to Britain 2. Gave the British control over all American colonies |
| Articles of Confederation (America's first constitution)-feared a strong having a strong national government | created a government that gave individual states more power |
| Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation | The government didn't have: 1. executive branch 2. power to tax or regulate commerce (trade) 3. one national currency (money) |
| Shay's Rebellion farmers tried to take over a federal arsenal in Massachusetts to protest against paying revolutionary war debt. | 1. showed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a stronger national government 2. Led to the constitutional convention to develop constitution |
| Land Ordinance 1785 laws that set up standards for land sale of the Northwest territory | raised much needed funds for country and encouraged settlement of western territories. |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 laws for the area bounded by the Mississippi River and Ohio River | 1. Established statehood (how areas can become a state) 2. Banned slavery 3. Public schools |
| Lewis and Clark | 1. sent by Jefferson to survey the Louisiana Purchase 2. document information about the native people and land in their journal 3. Started in St. Louis, ended at Pacific Ocean 4. Helped by Native American (Sacajawea) |
| Louisiana Purchase land Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million | Doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Great Compromise established two houses of congress (bi-cameral legislature) for representation by combining NJ plan and VA plan | 1. House of Representatives- state population (helps large states) Senate- equal (helps small states) 2. 3 branches of gov't.=executive (president), judicial (supreme court) and legislative (congress) |
| Jefferson reduced US debt | 1. cut unnecessary jobs in the executive branch (bureaucracy) 2. increased trade and tariffs 3. selling land from the Louisiana Purchase 4. cut military spending |
| Federalist | Supporters of the new Constitution |
| Anti-Federalist | people opposed to the new Constitution because it gave too much power to the federal government |
| Federalist Papers | newspaper articles which encouraged support for ratification (approval) of the new Constitution. |
| Bill of Rights First 10 amendments to the Constitution | 1. Ended the fighting between federalist and anti-federalist 2. protect state and individual rights |
| War of 1812 Causes (America vs Great Britain) 1. Britain forced US sailors to serve in their navy (impressment) 2. British restrictions prevented US trade with French (embargo) 3. British gave military support to Native American | 1. Ended all hostility between US & Great Britain 2. US military seen as worthy opponents 3. Increased American nationalism |
| Monroe Doctrine first US foreign policy | warned European nations from interfering in North and South American countries and prevented further colonization |
| Washington Farewell Address | 1. warned against forming alliances with other countries 2. warned against factions (political parties) |
| Jacksonian Democracy (man of the average people) | 1. Increased power of presidency/executive branch 2. Expanded white male suffrage (voting rights) 3. Increased state rights and Limited government |
| Spoil System (aka patronage) | 1. gave government civil jobs to loyal party supporters (no experience in government) 2. led to government corruption and disorganization 3. limited the power of elite groups in government |
| Tariff Crisis 1828 a protective tariff (tax) that helped the North and hurt the South | 1. Nullification Ordinance- states right to nullify (cancel) federal laws they thought was unfair 2. Sectionalism- (favoring a region/section of the US over the entire country) |
| Temperance Movement (led by religious leaders and women) ban alcohol | 1. increased size of religious organizations 2. laid the foundation for the women's movement |
| Abolition Movement abolish slavery and outlaw in new states | 1. Slavery and expansion of slavery became a major political issue 2. laid the foundation for the women's movement |
| Public School (led by Horace Mann) free education paid by taxes | 1. education is a right for all children 2. improved quality of schools by requiring trained teachers |
| Prison & Asylum Reform (led by Dorthea Dix) better treatment of people with mental disabilities and prisoners | 1. laws were passed that improved the treatment and care of the mentally ill and opened mental hospitals 2. juvenile detention centers 3. prison libraries, teaching basic literacy and separate women, children and the sick |
| Battle of New Orleans last major battle of War of 1812 | American victory, commanded by Andrew Jackson and eventually led to his presidency (seen as war hero) |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended the War of 1812 and restored boundaries (borders) |
| Battle of Tippecanoe (Native Americans vs US military) fought mainly over white expansion into Indian territory | 1. US victory 2. Gen. Tyler defeated Tecumseh (seen as war hero) 3. led to Native American alliance with British in the War of 1812 |
| Sedition Acts (President Adams) crime for anyone to speak out, write, print articles against government | 1. limited rights of citizens (free speech and press) 2. led to the election of Jefferson |
| Washington Factor | Washington's support of the Federalist led to more people supporting the idea of the constitution |
| Why did Washington want to be called "Mr. President"? | Washington wanted to be seen as a common man (didn't want to be seen as a king or ruler) |
| Who was for and against the French Revolution? | Against = Washington/Federalist For = Jefferson/Democratic-Republican Party |
| Inauguration (Jackson) | people were so excited because now the common man to vote but the celebration turned into a riot and the white house was trashed |
| Indian Removal Act (Jackson) move Native Americans West of Mississippi | Native Americans forced to give up their land and many died during the move (Trail of Tears) |
| Bank War (Jackson vs Congress) renew Bank of US charter (agreement) | used his power to control Congress by vetoing the bill to renew bank charter |
Created by:
rockdale
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