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Functionalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which family type do functionalists view as ideal? | The Nuclear Family |
| What is the title and year of Robert Murdockâs study? | Universal Functions of Family (1949) |
| How many societies did Murdock study? | 250 |
| What did Murdock find in every society he studied? | Some form of family- nuclear with 2 heterosexual parents and their children |
| What alterations to the nuclear family did Murdock acknowledge? | Horizontal and vertical extensions |
| Why did Murdock think that families are good for society? | He thinks they perform 4 vital functions |
| What are the 4 functions of a family according to Murdock? | Sexual, economic, reproduction, education |
| Which theory does Robert Murdock support? | Functionalism |
| Explain the sexual function of a family(Murdock) | It allows family members to channel their sex drive into socially acceptable relationships. |
| Explain the educational function of a family(Murdock) | They are the main agent of primary socialisation. |
| Explain the reproduction function of a family(Murdock) | Most reproduction happens within a family |
| Explain the economic function of a family(Murdock) | Families are either units of consumption or units of production. |
| Which theory does David Popenoe support? | Functionalism- Neo-functionalism |
| Which year did David Popenoe do his study? | 1996 |
| What does Popenoe believe underpins the way a family is organised? | Biological imperatives |
| What does Popenoe think we need to make in our society and what should it be based on? | A new cultural script based on âbiosocial realityâ |
| Why does Popenoe think that some family types are less functional than the nuclear family? | They arenât based on the biological abilities and needs of human beings. |
| What does Popenoe think could happen to children from non-nuclear families? | They could be damaged by their early childhood experiences |
| Which theory does Parsons support? | Functionalism |
| What is the name and year of Parsons study? | The Specialisation of Family Functions(1951) |
| What area does Parsons focus his study? | Modern industrial societies |
| In preindustrial societies what is the purpose of a family? (Parsons) | To provide and care for everyone within it. |
| During industrialisation what process happens?(Parsons) | Structural differentiation |
| What is the name of the places which perform the old roles of a family?(Parsons) | Specialised Institutions |
| How many functions does Parsons see the family as having in an industrial society? What are they? | 2- the socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities |
| Where do children receive primary socialisation? (Parsons) | Their parents and family |
| Why is the term personality factory used and who made it? | Because parents mould the minds of their children - Parsons |
| What do children need to do to grow to fit into society? (Parsons) | Internalise the norms and values |
| Which part of socialisation does Parsons see family as most important? | Primary socialisation |
| What is the term warm bath used to show and who made the term? | It is used to represent Parsons family function of stabilisation of adult personalities |
| Why does the stabilisation of adult personalities become important only in industrial societies? | There is less support from extended family so couples rely on eachother more for emotional support |
| Why is the nuclear family important in industrial societies? (Parsons) | It provides a safe haven for parents and children from the pressures of wider society |
| What is the benefit of nuclear families being heterosexual? (Parsons) | It allows the husband and wife to have equal and complementary roles |
| Why is it good to have a small family in an industrial society? (Parsons) | You can move with work |
| What is ascribed status? | Status which is determined at birth |
| How is status achieved better in industrial societies? (Parsons) | You donât have the extended family holding you back |
| What type of theory is functionalism? | Grand and consensus |
| What did functionalism help to do? | Identify trends in industrialising societies |
| How do feminists view functionalism? | Patriarchal |
| How is Parsons study out of date in terms of the role of women? | It was written when most women didnât work |
| What percentage of the UK workforce is female? | 47 |
| How do interactionslists view functionalism? | Top down |
| What is structural differentiation? | When people move into industrial societies they use a nuclear family because it is best fitted for the needs of the people |
Created by:
H4rrisonc4itlyn
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