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PCS US History
Supreme Court Cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | President Jefferson tried blocking activities of Federalist judges. Madison didn't deliver official papers giving Marbury position as justice of the peace. Established judicial review - federal courts could decide if laws are constitutional |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Does government have the power to create a national bank? Doctrine of implied powers Do states have the rights to tax institutions created by the federal government? power of national government, over state government |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) | 6th Amendment - upheld property rights over human rights - stating Dred Scott, a slave, could not become a free man just because he had traveled in "free soil" |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | 14th Amendment - segregation was okay if facilities were equal. Took place in Louisiana - required separate seating for white passengers and black passengers on public railroads |
| Muller v. Oregon (1908) | US. Supreme Court upheld Oregon law that limited hours for women laundry works to ten hours a day |
| Schenck v. U.S. (1919) | 1st Amendment - created a precedent that 1st Amendment rights were not absolute. |
| Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) | 5th Amendment after Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt ordered internment of Japanese Americans. Rejected by "pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group." |
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | 14th Amendment - 10 year old Topeka girl not allowed to attend her school because she was an African American. Segregation was a violation of equal protection clause. |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | 4th and 14th Amendment - involved admission of evidence gained by illegal searches, found unconstitutional |
| Baker v. Carr (1962) | 14th Amendment - one man, one vote - equal representation |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | 14th Amendment and 6th Amendment - Due process clause of the 14th Amendment applied to the 6th Amendment's guarantee of cousel for all poor persons faced with a felony charge |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | suspect needs to be informed of his rights before being questioned |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | legalized abortion (privacy rights) |
| Regents of U. of California v. Bakke (1978) | 14th Amendment - Bakke admitted to school based on violation of racial discrimination even though he was white. School held slots for disadvantaged citizens and when Bakke denied admission he went to court. |
Created by:
Ms.Sala
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