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Westward expansion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| California Gold Rush | period where thousands of people went west to search for gold |
| cattle drive | when cowboys guided huge herds of cattle North to new railroad lines extending across The Great Plains |
| Pony express | businesses that delivered mail from Missouri to California in just ten days |
| Telegraph | invention that sent messages along wires using electricity |
| Samuel B. Morse | developed a way to send telegraph messages |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a railroad across the continent linking the Eastern United States to the Western United States |
| Union Pacific | began building train track west from Omaha, most workers were Irish immigrants |
| Central Pacific | began building train track east from Sacramento, California. Most workers were Chinese immigrants |
| Promontory Point | place in Utah where the Union Pacific met the Central Pacific and connected the transcontinental railroad. |
| Chinese immigrants | made up almost 80% of the Central Pacific workers. |
| Red Cloud | told Union Pacific workers they were scaring away the buffalo. |
| Gen. William Tecumsah Sherman | warned the Native Americans that nothing would stop the building of the railroads. |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | law that offered free land to the American citizens and immigrants who were willing to start new farms on the Great Plains |
| Homesteaders | settlers who claimed land through the Homestead Act |
| Sold House (soddy) | houses made from sod (soil) on the Great Plains |
| sodbusters | the name for farmers on the Great Plains |
| pioneers | New settlers |
| exodusters | thousands of African American pioneers who moved to the Great Plains and started communities |
| Nicodemus, Kansas | a successful community started by exodusters |
| technology | the use of new ideas to make tools that improve people's lives. |
| entrepreneur | a person who starts a new business hoping to make profit. |
| Levi Strauss | began making pants out of blue denim that were sturdy and didn't tear - the first blue jeans |
| Reservation | area of land set aside for Native Americans |
| sitting bull | chief of the Lakota tribe in the Black Hills of South Dakota |
| Col. George Custer | led 7 cavalry on a mission to defeat the Defeat the Lakota and force them onto a new Reservation |
| Battle of Little Bighorn | battle in which crazy horse helped lead the Lakota to victory against the U.S. forces |
| Chief Joseph | A Nez Perce' chief who led his people to the Canadian border to avoid moving to a reservation. |
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