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TEST 1-US HISTORY
Term | Definition |
---|---|
FEDERALISM | a fundamental aspect of American government, whereby the states are not merely regional representatives of the federal government, but are granted independent powers and responsibilities. |
ANTI- FEDERALISM | a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. |
SEPERATION OF POWERS | refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. |
POPULAR SOVERIENGTY | the people's rule, is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power. |
CHECKS & BALANCES | At the same time, the powers of one branch can be challenged by another branch. This is what the system of checks and balances is all about. |
REPUBLICANISM | a preference for nonmonarchical government and a strong dislike of hereditary monarchy. |
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789. |
1ST AMENDMENT | freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition |
2ND AMENDMENT | A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. |
4TH AMENDMENT | No unreasonable search or seizure |
5TH AMENDMENT | no double jeopardy, witness against themselves, or private property for public use. nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process |
6TH AMENDMENT | speedy and public trail, unbiased jury, right to confront witnesses, appoint witnesses, who what you are being tried for |
7TH AMENDMENT | This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases, and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. |
8TH AMENDMENT | Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. |
10TH AMENDMENT | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. |
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE | He was a political scientist, historian, and politician, best known for Democracy in America a perceptive analysis of the political and social system of the United States in the early 19th century. |