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Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| republic | a type of government in which elected officials govern the state |
| patricians | elected officials from aristocratic families in the Roman Republic |
| plebeians | nonaristocrats in the Roman Republic |
| veto | rejection of harmful or unjust laws |
| Forum | central square in Rome |
| constitution | Roman political structure that created new offices and government institutions |
| Senate | a body of legislators who acted as advisers, controlled public finances, and handled foreign relations in the Roman Republic |
| consuls | elected magistrate that replaced the king as chief executives of the state |
| dictator | a ruler who had nearly unlimited power |
| Gracchi | Two brothers, Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius, who tried to redistribute land to small farmers |
| Gaius Marius | a talented general who, as consul, allowed anyone to join the army |
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla | a general who became consul in 88 BC and later dictator |
| Julius Caesar | helped end the Republic and became dictator of Rome in 44 BC |
| triumvirate | the rule of three men |
| Augustus | a title of honor given to Octavia in 27 BC, meaning "the revered one" |
| Pax Romana | the Roman Peace, which lasted from 27 BC to AD 180 |
| villa | a Roman country home that had conveniences such as running water and baths |
| circus | racetrack used for chariot racing |
| paterfamilias | the family father, the oldest living male in a family |
| augurs | priests who specialized in interpreting signs from the gods in natural phenomena |
| Galen | physician whose medical writings established him as the greatest medical authority for centuries |
| Ptolemy | astronomer who said that the earth was the center of the universe |
| aqueducts | manmade channels used to bring water to cities |
| Latin | the language and the root of French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, and Portuguese languages |
| civil law | system of law based on written codes |
| Christianity | a religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth |
| Messiah | a spiritual leaser who, according to prophecy, would restore the ancient Kingdom of David |
| Jesus of Nazareth | a spiritual leader who taught people to seek forgiveness for their sins |
| disciples | followers |
| Apostles | twelve disciples chosen by Jesus |
| martyrs | people who suffer death for the sake of their faith, inspiring others to believe |
| Paul | Jewish apostle who helped spread Christianity in the eastern Mediterranean region, formerly called Saul |
| Eucharist | a religious ceremony that commemorated Jesus's last supper |
| bishop | a priestly official who oversaw church affairs in a particular city, had authority over other priests in Rome |
| pope | bishop of Rome |
| inflation | a dramatic rise in prices |
| Diocletian | a capable Roman emperor who assumed the throne in 248 and created an absolute monarchy to strengthen the empire |
| Attila | the leader of the Huns |
Created by:
tinsleylett
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