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HUMN 201 (Unit 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Abbe Sieyes? | Wrote a pamphlet called, "What is the Third Estate" |
| Who was Thomas Paine? | Wrote the "Rights of Man" |
| Who was Olympe de Gouges? | Wrote the "Rights of Woman" |
| Who was Mary Wollstonecraft? | Wrote the "Vindication of the Rights of Women" |
| Who was Calonne? | French economist who tried to reform the taxation system by proposing the confiscation of church property and disposing of tax exemptions |
| Who were Maupeaou and Turgot? | French economists who suggested tax reforms in the Old Regime |
| Who is Necker? | Financial advisor for Louis XVI who was fired for published a work that falsely summarized government income and expenditures |
| What good effect did Necker's published work have on the people of France? | It caused them to be more informed and proactive in their government |
| Who was Brienne? | French economist who succeeded Calonne and attempted to push Calonne's tax reforms through the Parliament of Paris |
| Who was Louis XVI? | Monarch during the French Revolution who was beheaded for treason after attempting to flee France and leaving behind an anti-Reformation document |
| Who was Marie Antoinette? | Wife of Louis XVI who was beheaded during the French Revolution |
| Who was Pope Pius VI? | He condemned the Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
| Who was Leopold II? | Austrian monarch who co-created the Declaration of Pillnitz, agreeing to go to war with France if every other European country agreed to it |
| Who was Frederick William? | Prussian monarch who co-created the Declaration of Pillnitz, agreeing to go to war with France if every other European country agreed to it |
| Who was Edmund Burke? | Wrote "Reflections on the Revolution in France" |
| What did Burke's "Reflections on the Revolution in France" say about the French Revolution? | It denounced the Revolution as a rebellion against authority and tradition |
| Who was Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle? | Wrote "The Marseillaise" |
| What was Rouget de Lisle's "Marseillaise" about? | It was a call to arms and later became France's national anthem |
| Who was Maximilian Robespierre? | The leader of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution |
| Who was Charlotte Smith? | Wrote "The Emigrants (A Disillusionment with the French Revolution" |
| What did Smith's "The Emigrants" say about the French Revolution? Why did she write it? | She wrote it after Louis XVI's execution to call attention to the mob rule and bloodshed in France |
| Who was William Pitt? | Prime Minister of England who suppressed liberal reforms in England after the execution of Louis XVI |
| Who was Toussaint L'Overture? | Led a revolt of Haitian slaves |
| Who were Baucis and Philemon? | An old couple in “Faust” who talk about Faust's godlessness and how he keeps offering them a trade for their land |
| Who was Faust? | Main character of “Faust” whose soul is disputed over by God and Mephistopheles but is eventually won by God after spending his whole life striving |
| Who is Mephistopheles? | Character in “Faust” who represents the devil and makes a deal with Faust; if he can give Faust one perfect experience in life, he gets Faust’s soul |
| Who is Margaret/Gretchen? | Faust's love interest who gets pregnant, kills her baby, and goes insane in jail. She is saved by God and brought to Heaven while waiting to be executed |
| What does Margaret/Gretchen represent? | Innocence. |
| Why is Margaret/Gretchen saved? | She accepts her fate |
| What does Mephistopheles represent? | Skepticism |
| In "Faust", evil is an accepted and natural part of God's universal system. What is an example of this? | Mephistopheles is allowed into God's presence in the "Prologue in Heaven" |
| Why do Mephistopheles and Faust remain close throughout the book? | Mephistopheles represents the negative elements in Faust's personality |
| Why is Mephistopheles unable to actually provide Faust with a perfect moment? | Mephistopheles only understands Faust's negative qualities; he doesn't understand the positive sides of human nature, such as love |
| Who does Faust represent? | All of humanity |
| Who was Wagner? | A character in "Faust" who worked as Faust's assistant and represented Enlightenment ideals, such as reason |
| Who was Herder? | German theologian who wrote “Ideas on the Philosophy of Mankind” |
| What is the Volk Identity and Volksgeist? | Represents a nation (thus, idea of the power of nationalism) |
| Who was Fichte? | Wrote, "Addresses to the German Nation" |
| Who was Baron Stein? | Instrumental in the rebuilding of Prussia; he renewed moral, loosened the caste structure, gave burghers self government, opened the officer corps to all classes, abolished serfdom |
| Who was Marie Louise? | Austrian Princess Napoleon married after ditching his first chick |
| Who was Louis XVIII? | The first King of the restored French Monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon |
| Why did Louis XVIII make a constitution? | He wanted to keep his position as monarch, but not lose the political progress France had made |
| What did Louis XVIII decree in his constitution? | He gave legal equality for all citizens, allowed for open careers, parliamentary government, continuation of Napoleonic Law Codes, and the Concordat |
| What are some ideals of Romanticism? | 1. Love of far away lands 2. Emphasis on feeling and passion 3. Individuality 4. Grandeur 5. Nationalism 6. The struggle against nature 7. Activism |
| Battle of Trafalgar | Nelson won this battle at sea, making Britain the master of the seas |
| Berlin Decree and the Milan Decree | Forbade the importation of British goods to any French allies |
| The Treaty of Tilsit | Russia was defeated by France at the Battle of Friedland, so they made this treaty to ally with Napoleon against Britain |
| Battle of Leipzig | Napoleon's first defeat, which was by the Russians, Prussians, Austrians, and British |
| Congress of Vienna | International conference guided by four "Great Powers" of Austria, Great Britain, Russia, and Prussia |
| Guiding Principles of the Congress of Vienna | The restoration of legitimate monarchs (legitimacy), a balance of power so that no country in Europe could get too much power, and repeated Congresses to maintain stability and prosperity |
| Battle of Waterloo | Napoleon's final defeat before his permanent exile |
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