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chp3
the cytoplasm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cytoplasm | the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, the site of most cellular activities. |
| cytosol | is the viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended. |
| organelles | small cellular structures that perform specific metabolic functions for the whole cell. |
| mitochondria | cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation |
| ribosomes | where proteins are synthesized. |
| endoplasmic reticulum(ER) | membranous network; tubular or saclike channels |
| cisterns | cavity or enclosed space serving as a reservoir |
| golgi apparatus | membranous sac packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes |
| rough ER | has ribosomes |
| peroxisomes | membranous sacs in cytoplasm contaning powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful substances |
| secretory vesicles (granules) | vesicle that migrate to the plasma membrane of a cell discharging their contents from the cell by exocytosis |
| lysosomes | organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes |
| free radicals | highly radioactive chemicals with unpaired electrons that can scramble the structure of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| autolysis | when a lysosome, digest itself. |
| cystoskeleton | an elaborate series of rods running through the cytosol, supporting cellular structures and providing the machinery to generate various cell movements |
| microfilaments | thin strands of the contractile protein actin |
| microtubules | one of three type of rods in the cytoskeleton of a cell; hollow tubes make of spherical protein that determine cell shape as well as the distribution of cellular organelles |
| centrosome | (cell center) a region near the nucleus that contains paired organelle call centrioles |
| centrioles | minute body found in pairs near the nucleus of the ell; active in cell division |
| cilia | (eyelashes), tiny hair like projections that move in a wavelike manner to propel subs across the exposed cell surface |
| basal bodies | an organelle structurally identical to a centriole and forming the base of a cilium or flagellum |
| flagella | projection formed by centriole, longer and propels itself. |
| microvilli | are minute, fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane that project from and exposed cell surface. |
| nucleus | cell control center and gene-container. |
| multinucleate | having more than one nucleus. |
| anucleate | no nucleus a=without |
| chromatin | structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors 9genes) |
| chromosomes | Barlike bodies of tightly coiled chramatin; visible during cell division |
| nucleoli | (little nuclei)dark staining spherical bodies where ribosomal subunits are assembled. found within nucleus. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid a nucleic acid found in all living cells , carries hereditary information. contains deoxyribose sugar and agtc |
| nucleosomes | fundamental unit of chromatin; consists of a strand of DNA wound around a cluster of eigth histone proteins |
| Interphase | one of two major periods in the cell life cycle; includes the period from cell formation to cell division |
| cell cycle | series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces itself. |
Created by:
chasi
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