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Reformation
Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protestant Reformation | A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church that began in 1517; it resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. |
| Indulgences | Pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory |
| Martin Luther | German preacher and biblical scholar (1483–1546). He attacked corrupt practices of the Catholic Church in the Ninety-five Theses, which he nailed to the church door in Wittenberg in 1517, sparking off the Protestant Reformation |
| Theocracy | A government in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired. |
| John Calvin | Christian reformer, he taught about predestination, living good lives, and obeying God’s laws. |
| Predestination | Holds that God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation. Thus, nothing humans can do, either good or bad, will change their predestined end. |
| Henry VIII | Son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and the start of the Reformation in England (1491-1547). |
| Elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated. |
| Aned | Declared invalid based on church laws. |
| Counter-Reformation | The effort of the late 1500s and 1600s to reform the Catholic Church from within; also called the Catholic-Reformation. |
| Jesuits | Members of a Catholic religious order created to serve the pope and the church. |
| Ignatius of Loyola | A Spanish knight, priest, and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). |
| Council of Trent | A council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trent in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation; redefined the Roman Catholic doctrine and abolished various ecclesiastical abuses and strengthened the papacy. |
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