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Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| delta | a triangular region formed at the mouth of a river by deposits of silt |
| cataracts | rocky stretches in a river, marked by rapid currents or waterfalls |
| Menes | First pharaoh of Egypt; he is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt and is said to have founded the city of Memphis, the capital of unified Egypt. |
| pharaoh | ruler of ancient Egypt |
| theocracy | a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority |
| bureaucracy | a highly structured organization, often governmental, managed by officials |
| Hatshepsut | Queen of ancient Egypt; she took the throne in place of her stepson, Thutmose III, and during her reign, focused on temple-building projects and trade. |
| Ramses the Great | Pharaoh of Egypt; he led an army against Hittite invaders of Egypt. He ruled Egypt with extravagance and built more temples and monuments than any other Egyptian pharaoh. |
| obelisks | tall, thin pillars with pyramid-shaped tops |
| mummification | the process of preserving the body with chemicals after death |
| hieroglyphics | a form of ancient writing in which picture symbols represent sounds |
| papyrus | a paper-like material made by ancient Egyptians from the stem of the reedy papyrus plant, which grows in the Nile River |
| Rosetta Stone | a granite stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphs, demotic characters, and Greek; gave the first clue to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs |
| Piankhi | King of ancient Kush; he led the Kushites north into Egypt conquering all of Egypt and making himself pharaoh |
| smelt | to melt or fuse metal in order to separate the metallic components |