Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Gov flashcards
Unit #2: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civil liberties | personal freedoms, e.g. speech, religion, assembly |
| Civil rights | protections against discrimination |
| Clear and present danger doctrine | judicial interpretation of first amendment that gov may not ban speech unless speech poses an imminent threat to society |
| De facto segregation | segregation "by fact" i.e., segregation thats results from factors as housing patterns than law |
| De jure segregation | segregation by law i.e., segregation thats required by gov |
| Double jeopardy | being prosecuted twice for the same offense. Banned by 5th amendment |
| Due process clause | prohibits national gov (5th amend) and states (14th amend) from denying life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
| Equal Protection Clause | 14th amend clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law and has been used to combat discrimination |
| Eminent domain | right of the gov to take private property for the public good. Fair compensation must be paid to the owner of such property |
| Establishment clause | provision of 1st amendment that prohibits Congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state |
| Exclusionary rule | Supreme Court guideline that excludes using illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial |
| Free exercise clause | provision of 1st amendment stating Congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion |
| Grandfather clause | Southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting the right to vote to only those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865 |
| Grand jury | determines whether or not to bring criminal charges against a suspect |
| Incorporation | applying Bill of Rights to states. a "total incorporation" view is the states must obey all provisions of Bill of R cause of the due process clause of the 14th amend. A "selective incorp" view is the Bill of R is to be applied to the states |
| Indictment | grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense |
| Jim Crow laws | Southern laws that required racial segregation in places of public accommodation |
| Libel | written untruths that damage a reputation |
| Literacy test | Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write |
| Miranda warnings | warnings that must be read to suspects prior to questioning. Suspects must be advised they have the rights of silence and counsel |
| Plea bargain | arrangement in which a suspect pleads guilty to a lesser offense to avoid a trial. The manner which most cases are disposed of |
| Police powers | powers that allows states to pass laws protecting the health, welfare, safety and morals of their residents |
| Poll tax | Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring payment of a tax prior to voting |
| Prior restraint | When a court stops expression before it is made, e.g., prohibiting a demonstration by a radical group cause the assembly is likely to become violent. Presumed to be unconstitutional |
| Racial gerrymandering | drawing legislative boundaries to give electoral advantages to a particular racial group. "Majority-minority" districts include large numbers of racial minorities to ensure minority representation in legislatures |
| Sedition | advocacy of overthrow of the gov |
| Separate but equal | Supreme Court doctrine established in case of Plessy v Ferguson. Allowed state-required racial segregation in places of public accommodation as long as facilities are equal |
| Shield laws | states laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources |
| Slander | spoken untruths that damage a reputation |
| Strict scrutiny | Supreme Court guideline for determining if gov can make racial distinctions. According to this guideline, distinctions are highly suspect and are allowed only if they are narrowly tailored to serve a compelling gov interest |
| White primary | primary elections which Southern states allowed only whites to vote |
Created by:
MsFish
Popular American Government sets