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Intro to Biochem
Biochemistry Information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is biochemistry? | The study of chemical processes and reactions occuring in living matter. It is carbon based. |
| What is another name for biochemisrty? | Organic Chemistry |
| What are organic compounds? | Carbon compounds made by living things. |
| What are the six most common elements for living things? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur |
| What is the central atom of life? | Carbon |
| How are macromolecules built? | By linking a set of building blocks(a monomer) together into long chains(a polymer) |
| What is a monomer? | A basic unit that repeats over and over in organic compounds. |
| Amino Acids end with which suffix? | -ine |
| Enzymes end with which suffix? | -ase |
| What are the four types of organic compounds? | Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids |
| Carbs include... | Sugars and starches |
| Lipids include... | Fats, oils, and waxes |
| Proteins include... | Amino Acids and enzymes |
| Nucleic Acids include... | DNA, RNA, and ATP |
| What elements do carbohydrates have? | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
| What is the monomer of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides |
| What are saccharides? | Sugars |
| What are the main functions of carbohydrates | Quick energy Part of cell membrane Storage Structure |
| What are the three different types of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides |
| Monosaccharide examples: | Glucose Fructose Galactose |
| 3 or more monosaccharides equals a | Polysaccharide |
| What causes diabetes? | The body's ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired |
| What elements are in lipids? | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| What is the monomer of lipids? | Glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| What are the main functions of lipids? | Storage Energy reserves Cell membrane Protection and warmth |
| What does lactase break down? | Lactose |
| What are Triglyceride and Triglycerol made up of? | Glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| What does hydrophobic mean? | Insoluble in water |
| What are 3 important characteristics of lipids? | Hydrophobic Many C-H bonds Monomer shaped like an E |
| Glycerol+3 fatty acids= | Triglyceride+water |
| What are lipids abundant in? What are carbohydrates abundant in? | Lipids have lots of hydrogen Carbohydrates have lots of oxygen |
| What are polymers? | Proteins |
| What are some characteristics of Saturated lipids? | Single bonds only Each carbon is saturated with a hydrogen atom Solid at room temp Leads to cholesterol issues |
| What are some examples of Saturated lipids? | Butter Ice cream Steak Trans animal fats from hydrogenation |
| What are some characteristics of unsaturated lipids? | Double/triple bonds Have C-C mixed with C-H bonds Molecule is bent Liquid at room temp Monosaturated fats and lowers bad cholesterol and raises good cholesterol |
| In carbon atoms which fatty acids can be bonded with more hydrogen atoms? | Unsaturated fatty acids |
| What are some characteristics of phospholipids? | Has two fatty acids attached to the glycerol In the cell membrane |
| What are the elements in proteins? | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen |
| What is the monomer in proteins? | Amino acids |
| What are some functions of proteins? | Basic building blocks of living material Transportation in the cell Immune system Movement Hormones Hair, muscles and fingernails |
| How many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What do the different amino acids do? | Form various combinations to form different proteins |
| What are peptide bonds? | Amino Acids are linked together by peptide bonds when WATER is removed |
| 1 amino acid is a... | Peptide |
| 2 amino acids linked together is a... | Dipeptide |
| 3+ amino acids linked together is a... | Polypeptide or a protein |
| What is the protein structure? | The function of a protein depends on its 3D structure The shape determines its function The proteins fold into 3D structures based on the type of amino acids in the protein Ex:fibrous and globular proteins |
| What are the elements of nucleic acids? | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus |
| What is the monomer of nucleic Acids? | Nucleotide |
| What are some functions of nucleic Acids? | Controls cell activities Genetic material (DNA & RNA) Energy (ATP) |
| What is the difference between DNA and RNA? | DNA carries the genetic code RNA carries out the instructions |
| What are nucleotides are arranged to form... | DNA or RNA |
| What are reactants? | Substances required for a reaction (Starting materials) |
| What are products? | Substances that are made during a reaction (End result) |
| What is dehydration synthesis? | Bonding molecules together by removing water |
| What is hydrolysis? | Water is being added to break bonds |
| What do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis both do? | Form new molecules |
| Enzymes are a type of??? | Protein |
| What are enzymes? | Catalysts for biological reactions speeds up a reaction Lowers energy needs for a reaction |
| What is a substrate? | Substance an enzyme acts upon |
| What is an active site? | Region where substrate and enzyme bonds together |
| Factors affecting enzyme action | Temperature concentration of substrate v enzymes pH |
Created by:
jaslynhillery13