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GSE Unit 1Terms
Unit 1 GSE Terms Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scarcity | The economic problem of living in a world of limited resources and having unlimited wants and needs. |
| locate | The ability to identify an exact place or region on Earth or elsewhere. |
| command economy | The central government authority that continuously makes and plans the decisions of a country's production, distribution, and investments. |
| mixed economy | This economy has traits of both a market economy and command economy. The state and private sector determine the production, distribution, and investments of a country. |
| traditional economy | Primitive or undeveloped economies. Generally rely on subsistence agriculture. |
| market economy | An economy in which decisions about a country's production, distribution, and investments are made by supply and demand. |
| absolute location | Using latitude and longitudinal measures to determine the exact location of a place. |
| relative location | A location or place in approximation (relative) to a nearby place. |
| movement | The migration of products, people, and information from one location to another. |
| region | Areas around the world that share similar climate, soil types, physical features, and geological features. |
| environment | The physical surroundings of a region. |
| physical features | Volcanoes, Oceans, Mountains, Deserts, Valleys, Glaciers, Lakes, fjords etc. |
| latitude | -distance shown in degrees, of a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude run east and west, and are often referred to as parallels as they never intersect with each other. |
| longitude | distance, shown in degrees, of a point east or west of the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. Lines of longitude run north and south, are often referred to as meridians and intersect at the poles |
| Prime meridian | The imaginary line is located at zero degrees longitude. |
| equator | The imaginary line that is located at zero degrees latitude. |
| hemisphere | Earth has a northern and southern hemisphere. They each make up one-half of a sphere. |
| climate | The variation of temperature, rainfall, humidity, and atmospheric pressure in a particular region over a period of time. |
| weather | The current state of the atmosphere in an area or region of the world. |
| acid rain | Precipitation that is acidic. |
| map | A physical representation or visual model of a region. |
| natural resources- | Usable resources that are naturally produced in a region of the world. |
| earthquakes- | Seismic activity that results in a shift in the Earth's plates. |
| culture | A group of people who share the same customs, ideologies, and characteristics. /The same customs, ideologies, and characteristics shared by a group of people. |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of customs, ideologies, and characteristics to other cultures. |
| society | A large group of people who share the same geographically location,government authority, and social characteristics. |
| globalization | The international spread of products, ideas, and other aspects of a culture arising from the international exchange of world views. |
| tariffs | Taxes on goods and products that are imported and exported. |
| interdependence- | When one country relies on another country's economy for goods and products. |
| Conflict | is a disagreement between people and societies. Conflict leads to change. Conflict can cause positive or negative changes to a society. |
| Social Groups | Are groups that people belong to that require specific rules for behavior, or socialization. For example, families are one type of social group. |
| Languages | There are over two thousand languages spoken around the world today. Most languages are spoken with a dialect, or certain vocabulary that is developed from how words are pronounced locally. |
| Religion | There are over one hundred religions in the world today. The five major religions found around the world are Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. These religions have over 4.5 billion followers. |
| History | Culture is shaped from past events that are celebrated or told through stories from one generation to the next. History shapes itself by how culture views itself and the rest of the world. |
| Daily Life | How people live, eat, and dress is reflected upon one’s culture. Some cultures have different dining customs. For example, it is customary to eat with chopsticks in China. |
| Arts | Art can be expressed through dance, literature, music, paintings, and sculpture. The arts can tell stories about an one’s culture. |
| Government | Governments provide rules in order to prevent conflict among people living together. There are several types of governments that are found around the world including monarchies, dictatorships, and democracies. |
| Anthropologists | Scientists who study past and present cultures and determine how these cultures relate. |
| Archaeologists | Scientists who study historical elements including tools, hieroglyphics, pottery, and other artifacts to determine how people once lived. |
| Geographers | Scientists who study and map the location of a culture and determine what people ate and how people built their houses. |
| Sociologists | Scientists who study present day cultures by examining a person's social behaviors and their origin. |
| democracy | A type of limited government. In a democracy the power is given to the people. The people have the right to choose their leaders. |
| dictatorship | A type of government that is unlimited and generally give all the power to one person. A dictator makes all the decisions and can limit the freedoms of the people. |
| monarchy | A type of government where a king or queen, that has been born into power, leads the government. In historical times, kings and queens generally had unlimited power. Today, most kings and queens do not rule. Power is given to an elected official. |
| Smog | a giant cloud that contains dust, smoke, and hazardous chemicals. Smog can cause extreme respiratory problems in both humans and animals which may eventually lead to death. |
| ozone layer | acts as a barrier and protects us from radiation from the sun that causes skin cancer. The ozone layer creates a Greenhouse effect. The Greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm and livable. Without it, the Earth would be too cold or too hot to live on. |
| crop rotation | The changing of plants grown in one area from year to year. Topsoil, or soil that is rich in nutrients and essential for growing crops, can be lost from over farming the land if crop rotation is not practiced. |
| Deforestation | The clear cutting of trees is another way topsoil can be lost. When trees are cut down, the soil loosens and can be swept away by wind and rain. Deforestation can contribute to the loss of many different types of plant and animal species over time. |
| conservation | The careful use of natural (fresh water) resources. |
| globe | a model of the Earth that is round in appearance. |
| physical map | shows land features such as rivers, lakes, mountains, and plateaus. These areas may be illustrated by different types of color found on a map. |
| political map | shows the names of countries, cities, waterways, and oceans. These maps show the political boundaries between countries. |
| exporting | Many countries have plenty of natural resources while other countries have limited resources. Trade allows countries to sell (export) their resources to other countries. |
| exports | items sold to another nation |
| importing | Trade that allows countries to buy (import)resources and products from other countries. |
| imports | items bought from another nation |
| Quotas | limits on how much of a certain good or product can be imported from another country. These trade restrictions are imposed as a way to increase prices and profits. |
| free trade | When countries have eliminated tariffs on imported goods and services.For example, in 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement was created to allow free trade between Mexico, Canada, and the United States. |
| interdependent | When countries throughout the world rely heavily on the resources, goods, and products of other countries. |
| Agriculture Revolution | Around 8000 B.C., people began to learn how to farm the land. Humans cultivated the seeds and domesticated animals. Farming led to a more reliable food source, and people began to settle in various locations instead of moving constantly in search of food |
| civilizations | Advanced cultures around river valleys found in China, Egypt, India, and Iraq made possible by the Agriculture Revolution. |
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