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US History Voc
vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| MOVEMENT THAT SOUGHT TO END SLAVERY | Abolitionist movement |
| Used to redress decades of discrimination, this takes race and gender into account when evaluating job applicants and admission to universities | AFFIRMATIVE ACTION |
| Chemical used in Vietnam that had long term harmful effects for soldiers | AGENT ORANGE |
| Laws passed by the Federalist controlled Congress in 1798 to tighten naturalization and stifled criticism of the government | ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS |
| Craft union founded by Samuel Gompers | AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR |
| Henry Clay’ plan to expand and unite America while developing its economy | AMERICAN PLAN |
| Strategy for Union victory in the Civil War | ANACONDA PLAN |
| Policy pursued by Allied nations towards Hitler in the 1930s to avoid conflict | APPEASMENT |
| People born from 1945-1965 that will soon age and begin the “graying of America” | BABY BOOM GENERATION |
| Purpose was to deliver food, fuel and medicine to West Berlin after the Soviets blocked access | BERLIN AIRLIFT |
| It made mass production of steel possible | Bessemer process |
| Who were the Big Four at the Versailles Peace Conference? | U. S., G. B., FRANCE AND ITALY |
| Legal restrictions on former slaves in the South during Reconstruction | Black Codes |
| Date of worst stock market crash in history and a cause of the Great Depression | BLACK TUESDAY |
| Violent conflicts between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas | Bleeding Kansas |
| German lightning war tactic in WWII | Blitzkrieg |
| Meetings between Carter (US), Sadat (Egypt), Begin (Israel), that resulted in a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt | CAMP DAVID ACCORDS |
| Northerners who came to the South to aid or profit from Reconstruction policies | CARPTEBAGGERS |
| Law that restricted and prohibited Chinese immigration | CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT |
| Law that banned racial discrimination in public accommodation and hiring | CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 |
| Business that employs only union workers | CLOSED SHOP |
| Tension and hostility between the US and Soviet Union from 1945-1991 | COLD WAR |
| Henry Clay’s unsuccessful attempt to resolve conflicts between North and South regarding slavery | COMPROMISE OF 1850 |
| Agreement between Republicans and Democrats to end Reconstruction and elect Rutherford B Hayes president. Ended Reconstruction | COMPROMISE OF 1877 |
| Largest silver discovery in US history that brought thousands of prospectors to Nevada | COMSTOCK LODE |
| US foreign policy of preventing the spread of Soviet influence and Communism | CONTAINMENT |
| Northern antiwar Democrats during the Civil War | COPPERHEADS |
| 19th century scandal involving Congress corrupt business practices with a large railroad corporation | CREDIT MOBILIER SCANDAL |
| William Jennings Bryan’s speech against the gold standard | CROSS OF GOLD SPEECH |
| Confrontation between the US and Soviet Union over a missile base in Cuba | Confrontation between the US and Soviet Union over a missile base in Cuba |
| Date on which Allies landed on Normandy Beach, beginning of the final phase of World War II | D-DAY |
| Law that provided for Native Americans to own reservation land privately | Dawes Severalty Act |
| DEJURE SEGREGATION | DEJURE SEGREGATION |
| Original American political party headed by Thomas Jefferson and opposed to the Federalists | DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY |
| Created after September 11th attacks to coordinate domestic national security | DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY |
| Being deprived the right to vote | DISENFRANCHISEMENT |
| PRESIDENT TAFT’S POLICY OF GAINING INFLUENCE OVER LATIN AMERICA BY LENDING THEM MONEY | Dollar diplomacy |
| Eisenhower’s belief that if one SE Asian nation fell to communist rule, so would all the others | DOMINO THEORY |
| Point of entry in New York for millions of immigrants to the US | ELLIS ISLAND |
| Freeing of the slaves | EMANCIPATION |
| EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION | EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION |
| Legislation ending trade between the US and foreign nations in 1807 | EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 |
| Proposed amendment that would have outlawed discrimination based on sex | EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT |
| Law that outlawed acts of treason during World War I | ESPIONAGE ACTS |
| Original American political party led by Hamilton and opposed to the Democratic Republicans | FEDERALIST PARTY |
| Candidate James Polk’s expansionist slogan during the election of 1844 | “54-40 OR FIGHT!” |
| FDR’s radio broadcasts where he spoke to people directly about his programs and policies | FIRESIDE CHATS |
| People who went to California to search for gold | 49ERS |
| Name for Woodrow Wilson’s speech after WWI ended laying out a plan to maintain world peace | FOURTEEN POINTS |
| Antislavery political party organized in 1848 | FREE SOIL PARTY |
| Reconstruction federal agency that helped recently freed slaves and poor whites in the South | FREEDMAN’S BUREAU |
| Stephen Douglas’ position that allowing slavery in a territory or state should be left up to the will of the people | FREEPORT DOCTRINE |
| Part of the Compromise of 1850 that compelled Northerners to assist in the return of runaway slaves | FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW |
| Belief that every word of the Bible is true | FUNDAMENTALISM |
| Purchase of the Southwestern territory form Mexico | GADSDEN PURCHASE |
| Lincoln’s speech honoring the Union soldiers who died in battle | GETTYSBURG ADDRESS |
| Name Mark Twain gave to the superficial lifestyle of America’s late 18002 wealthy industrialists | GILDED AGE |
| 19th century economic and political movement that worked to improve situation for farmers | GRANGE |
| Northern migration of African Americans during and after the Great War | GREAT MIGRATION |
| Act of Congress that gave the President authority to take all necessary measures to repel any attack against the US (1963 | GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION |
| Artistic and literary movement of African Americans living in Harlem in the 1920s | HARLEM RENAISSANCE |
| Town that John Brown occupied to being a popular uprising against slavery | HARPERS FERRY |
| Meeting of Federalists opposed to the War of 1812. Marks the beginning of the decline of the Federalist Party | HARTFORD CONVENTION |
| Mob outburst as a labor protest in Chicago where a bomb killed eight policemen | HAYMARKET SQUARE RIOT |
| Film producers and screenwriters attacked by the HUAC who were jailed and blacklisted during the McCarthy era | HOLLYWOOD TEN |
| Name given to deliberate German massacre of 12 million plus during WWII | HOLOCAUST |
| Federal law that granted 160 acres of land to any settler who would cultivate the land for 5 years | HOMESTEAD ACT |
| Violent labor strike against Carnegie’s in which strikers died and union was broken | HOMESTEAD STRIKE |
| Merger of competitors in the same industry | HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION |
| Special committee that investigated charges of communism | HUAC (HOUSE UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE |
| Early American painters known for depicting nature | HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL OF ARTISTS |
| Desire and intent to acquire power over other nations | IMPERIALISM |
| Done by the British against early American sailors, the practice of taking sailors from one country to work for one’s Navy | IMPRESSMENT |
| Allowed Jackson to send American Indians to undesirable land in Oklahoma | INDIAN REMOVAL ACT |
| Illegal sale of missiles to Iran by the Reagan white house, and illegal use of the profits to fund the Contras in Nicaragua | IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR |
| Border that existed between the Soviet union an the free nations of the West | IRON CURTAIN |
| Belief that a nation should remain neutral and uninvolved in foreign affairs | ISOLATIONISM |
| Treaty between US and GB in 1794 that resulted in British withdrawal from Northwest Territory | JAY’S TREATY |
| Post-Civil War laws segregating and restricting African Americans in the South | JIM CROW LAWS |
| Extreme Technique used to stir public sentiment into believing that their country is the best | JINGOISM |
| Allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska territories the right to decide for themselves whether or not to permit slavery in their territory | KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT |
| Political belief that the economy and business should regulate themselves“let it happen” | LAISSEZ-FAIRE |
| First international organization to maintain world peace and issues of mutual concern; lacked enforcement power | LEAGUE OF NATIONS |
| 1941 act that permitted the US to send money, weapons, and supplies to its allies involved in WWII | LEND LEASE ACT |
| Historical debates over the question of extending slavery in to the new states and territories | LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATES |
| Nickname given to the students who were the first to attend City High School after “Brown v Board of Education” | LITTLE ROCK NINE |
| Thomas Jefferson’s purchase of land in 1803 that doubled the size of the US | LOUISIANNA PURCHASE |
| Mysterious explosion of this ship touched off the Spanish American War | USS MAINE |
| Name for the development of the atomic bomb by European and American scientists | MANHATTEN PROJECT |
| Idea that maintains that American expansion was part of God’s plan for the world | MANIFEST DESTINY |
| Purchasing stock on credit rather that paying full price; cause of the Stock market crash | MARGIN BUYING |
| Plan to rebuild Europe economically with US Aid after WWII | MARSHALL PLAN |
| Tactics that consisted of slander, accusations without evidence, and assuming guilt by association used during the 1950s to combat the supposed threat of communism | MCCARTHYISM |
| View that immigrants from different cultures should assume the same American identity | MELTING POT |
| Federal judges President John Adams appointed at the very end of his term | MIDNIGHT JUDGES |
| Legislation admitting Missouri as a slave state but restricting slavery within the rest of the Louisiana Purchase | MISSOURI COMPROMISE |
| Company so large and powerful that it stifles economic competition | MONOPOLY |
| Foreign policy form 1823 stating that further European intervention in the Americas would not be tolerated | MONROE DOCTRINE |
| Civil War legislation that granted land to states loyal to the Union for agricultural and mechanical colleges | MORRILL LAND GRANT ACTMUCKRAKERS |
| Investigative journalists of the Progressive Era | MUCKRAKERS |
| Republican reformers of the late 1800s who opposed political machines and supported Democrats | MUGWUMPS |
| Violent slave rebellion that ended antislavery sentiment and movements in the South | NAT TURNERS REBELLION |
| Founded by WEB Dubois to fight discrimination and segregation | NAACP NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANDMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE |
| 19th century movement opposed to immigrants and foreigners | NATIVISM |
| Laws in the 1930s that banned American support or involvement with any nation at war | NEUTRALITY ACTS |
| Name for JFK’s domestic agenda | NEW FRONTIER |
| Group of fundamentalist Christians who have supported many Republican candidates since the 1980s | NEW RIGHT COALITION |
| Narrow strip of neutral territory between Allied and German trenches | NO MAN’S LAND |
| Alliance among US, Canada, and European nations for mutual military security | NATO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION |
| Granting land in Indian territory to white settlers in 1889 | OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH |
| American insistence that China trade on equal terms with all nations | OPEN DOOR POLICY |
| Name for American air offensive against North Vietnam | OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER |
| Settlement of the Vietnam war | PARIS PEACE ACCORDS |
| Government documents published by the NY TIMES that revealed lies the White house had told the public about Vietnam War | PENTAGON PAPERS |
| State banks into which Jackson deposited federal money he withdrew form the Second Bank of the US | PET BANKS |
| Treaty between the US and Spain that granted the US the rights to navigate the Mississippi River | PINCKNEY’S TREATY |
| Corrupt political organization that trade political jobs and votes for money and support | POLITICAL MACHINES |
| Idea that a state should decide whether it wants slavery or not | POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY |
| 19th century reform and progressive political movement that criticized large corporations and supported farmers | POPULISM |
| Site where tracks of the transcontinental railroad met | PROMONTORY POINT |
| First nationwide labor strike | PULLMAN STRIKE |
| Powerful group of Senators during Reconstruction who opposed Johnson’s Reconstruction plans | RADICAL REPUBLICANS |
| Putting limits on consumption of goods during wartime | RATIONING |
| Nickname for Reagan’s economic policies that benefited the wealthy but did less for the working people | REAGANOMICS |
| addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US would police the western hemisphere | ROOSEVELT COROLLARY |
| Cavalry regiment that included Teddy Roosevelt, led charge up San Juan Hill in the Spanish American War | ROUGH RIDERS |
| Phrase coined by Hoover to describe the belief that people should help themselv | RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM |
| Southern supporters of Reconstruction | SCALAWAGS |
| Trial for teaching evolution in defiance of Tennessee law | SCOPES TRIAL |
| Separation of the southern states from the union was called | SECESSION |
| Law that required young men to register for the military draft | SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT |
| First women’s rights convention in the US in 1848 | SENECA FALLS CONVENTION |
| Urban institutions meant to help the poor and immigrants (Jane Adams a good example) | SETTLEMENT HOUSES |
| Tenant farmer who is paid for a share of the crop- life for many ex-slaves after the Civil War | SHARECROPPERS |
| 1890 law that prohibited monopolies and trusts that restrained trade | SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT |
| Southern laws before the Civil War regulating the lives of the slaves | SLAVE CODES |
| View that society and nature advance by “survival of the fittest”. Idea was used to rationalize Imperialism | SOCIAL DARWINISM |
| Nightclubs that violated prohibition by selling alcohol | SPEAKEASY |
| Buying and selling stocks to make a quick profit | SPECULATION |
| John Hay’s description of the Spanish American War | SPLENDID LITTLE WAR |
| Political practices of replacing government workers with one’s own supporters upon taking office | SPOILS SYSTEM |
| Soviet satellite first to orbit the Earth | SPUTNIK |
| Oil company of the Gilded Age found by Rockefeller | STANDARD OIL COMPANY |
| Missile based defense system of Reagan’s nicknamed Star Wars | STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE |
| African American student group that organized sit ins and other nonviolent protests during the Civil Rights era | SNCCSTUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING |
| Right to vote | SUFFRAGE |
| Dangerous and unhealthy factories in which many American immigrants worked for low pay | SWEATSHOPS |
| New York city political machine headed by Boss Tweed | TAMMANY HALL |
| Protective tariff passed in 1828 and a cause of the South Carolina nullification crisis | TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS |
| Location of nuclear reactor failure in the late 1970s | THREE MILE ISLAND |
| March of the Cherokee to Indian territory in which 4,000 died | TRAIL OF TEARS |
| Ended the war of 1812 | TREATY OF GHENT |
| Agreement signed in 1848 between the US and Mexico in which Mexico gave up vast territories | TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO |
| Style of infantry combat during WWI that caused very little movement in the war | TRENCH WARFARE |
| This disastrous fire in an unsafe factory led to improvements in safety regulations | TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY |
| Us foreign policy of containment | TRUMAN DOCTRINE |
| Corporate structure that allows for price fixing because the board of trustees is the same for many companies | TRUST |
| Group of people who led slaves out of South to freedom in the North | UNDERGROUND RAILROAD |
| International organization for the maintenance of peace formed in 1945 | UNITED NATIONS |
| Corporation led by Carnegie and JP Morgan | US STEEL |
| Practice of a company buying up its suppliers and means of transportation to get ahead in business | VERTICAL INTEGRATION |
| Document by Jefferson and Madison supporting the rights of states to nullify federal law | VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS |
| Abolished literacy tests for voters and placed voter registration under federal control | VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 |
| Certificates sold by the government to fund WWII | WAR BONDS |
| Group of western and southern nationalist congressmen who supported the war of 1812 for territorial expansion | WAR HAWKS |
| Agency during WWI that set prices and allocated goods and production schedules | WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD |
| Act that established that the President can only commit US troops to combat for 60 days before seeking a congressional declaration of war | WAR POWERS RESOLUTION |
| Political party opposed to Andrew Jackson | WHIGS |
| Uprising by western farmers; important because Washington used federal power to put down the insurrection | WHISKEY REBELLION |
| Federal law prohibiting slavery in any territory acquired after the Mexican War | WILMOT PROVISO |
| Massacre of the Sioux Indians by the US Army | WOUNDED KNEE |
| Court order requiring that the imprisonment of a person be justified; suspended during the Civil War | WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS |
| Diplomatic controversy between France and American in 1798 that increased anger against the French | XYZ AFFAIR |
| Newspaper giants Hearst and Pulitzer agreement to publish the most sensational stories possible, regardless of the facts | YELLOW JOURNALISM |
| Telegram sent by Germany to Mexico suggesting an alliance against the US; helped to turn American opinion against Germany during WWI | ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM |
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