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MCAT Bio1
AA, Protein, Enzyme
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrolysis | use water to break apart -cleave acid & heat (nonspecific) or protease (specific) |
| dehydration | form molecule & release water |
| hydrophobic | hate water |
| hydrophilic | like water |
| eicosanoids | -hormone, thromboxane, eukotrienes functio: regulate blood pressure, body temp, smooth muscle contraction, -transported via lipoprotein (VLDL,LDL,IDL,HDL) ↑ratio of lipid ↓protein density |
| Carbohydrate D vs L | D: hydroxyl group on 5-carbon in Fischer projection points to right L: points to left |
| Carbohydrate Structure | Cn(H2O)n -beta:alcohol UPWARD on anomeric carbon alpha:alcohol DOWNWARD on anomeric carbon anomeric carbon(C-1): C=OH C-5 attacks C=O to form hexagon structure w/CH2OH at C-5 (glucose) |
| Carbohydrate | -store energy but not as much as lipids -form polysaccharides via dehudration and monosaccharides via hydrolysis |
| Glycosidic linkages | linkages b/w sugars |
| ketose | sugar w/aldehyde as most oxidized group |
| aldose | sugar w/ketose as most oxidized group |
| epimer | carbohydrate differs at one chiral carbon |
| anomer | carbohydrate differs at anomeric carbon (C-1) |
| D-Fructose | CH2OH │ C=O │ HO-C-H │ H-C-OH │ H-C-OH │ CH2OH |
| D-glucose | H-C=O │ H-C-OH │ OH-C-H │ H-C-OH │ H-C-OH │ CH2OH |
| D-galactose | H-C=O │ H-C-OH │ OH-C-H │ OH-C-H │ H-C-OH │ CH2OH |
| D-mannose | H-C=O │ OH-C-H │ OH-C-H │ H-C-OH │ H-C-OH │ CH2OH |
| sucrose | glucose-α-1,2-fructose |
| lactose | galactose-ß-1,4-glucose |
| maltose | glucose-α-1,4-glucose |
| cellulose | plant cell wall fiber for humans |
| starch | energy storage for plants |
| glycogen | energy storage for animals |
| nucleotide | composed of a nitrogeneous base, a five carbon sugar (deoxy or RN) & a phosphate group C2: H (DNA) or OH (RNA) C1: place of attachment for A, T, U, G, C C5: place of attachment for phosphate group |
| purine | guanine, adenine (two cyclic ring) |
| pyrimidine | cytosine, thymine, uracil (one cyclic ring) |
| how many H bonds b/w? | Guanine & cytosine 3H bonds adenine & thymine/uracil 2H bonds |
| purines=pyrimidines | #A= #T = #U #G = #C |
| 5'-3" direction | Top layer (parallel) 5"-3" direction Bottom layer (antiparallel) 3'-5' direction |
| RNA | 1) carbon #2 -OH 2) Uracil instead of thymine 3) In cytoplasm & nucleus 4) single-stranded 5) mRNA (messneger) rRNA ( ribosomal) tRNA (transfer) |
| amino acid structure | H2N-CR-COOH |
| nonpolar aa | GAVLIFWMP |
| polar aa | STCYNQ |
| basic aa | DE |
| acidic aa | HRK |
| glycine | nonpolar [Gly] G achiral R=H |
| alanine | nonpolar [Ala] A chiral R=CH3 |
| valine | nonpolar [Val] V chiral R=HC-(CH3)2 |
| leucine | nonpolar [Leu] L chiral R=CH2-CH-(CH3)2 |
| Isoleucine | nonpolar [ILE] I chiral R=H-C-(CH2CH3)(CH3) |
| phenylalanine | nonpolar [Phe] F chiral R= CH2-(Benzene) |
| tryptophan | nonpolar [Trp] W chiral R= CH2-(indole group) *look at slide |
| methionine | nonpolar [Met] M chiral R= CH2-CH2-S-CH3 |
| proline | nonpolar [pro] P chiral causes kinks since H bond can't form HN-C-COOH | | \/ |
Created by:
aperez48
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