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Texes Social Studies
Review of World History-up to 1200
| World Civilization | Events |
|---|---|
| Geography's Role on History | First Civilizations emerged along rivers and other water sources-Farming was the Neolithic Revolution. Humans blessed with good water and soil, were able to spend less time hunting for food and more time inventing/plows/ships with sails-technology |
| Early Civilization | Connected directly or indirectly through trade. As groups interacted ideas were diffused(adopted) 1. Religion, 2. Language, 3. Writing systems/alphabets,4.weapons and tools, 5. Legal codes and customs. |
| Ancient World civilizations | demonstrated how innovative humans can be |
| Ancient World civilizations-Hummurabi's Code | first known written law code. Hammurabi ruled Babylon |
| Ancient World civilizations-Egyptians | Built a society along the Nile River |
| Ancient World civilizations-Mayas | The Mayas dominated Central America |
| Ancient World civilizations- Judaism and Christianity | These two societies emerged in the middle East |
| Ancient World civilizations-Confucianism | Oriental society stressed proper behavior and respect, this formed the foundation of social relations in China |
| Ancient World civilizations-Hinduism and Buddhism | These two groups emerged from India |
| Ancient World civilizations-Han Empire | The Han Empire of China was to Asia what the Roman Empire was to Europe. The Wealth of the Han came from trade along the Silk Roads |
| Classical civilizations-The Greeks | "The Glory that was Greece"-this lines refers to the height of the Greek culture in Athens. |
| Classical civilizations- philosophy | Socrates, Plato and Aristotle |
| Classical civilizations- architecture | like the columns of the Parthenon |
| Classical civilizations- drama/theater | Homer's Illiad and the Odyssey. These narrative poems were about the Trojan War which was Ancient History to the Greeks |
| Classical civilizations-Sculpture | Idealized sculpture where men had bulging muscles |
| Classical civilizations-Systematic studies | science, geometry and medicine |
| Classical civilizations-Democracy | In Athens all male citizens-a very small group of landowners who could prove that both their grandfathers were citizens of Athens- met and voted directly on issues |
| Alexander the Great-404 BC-323 BC | Brilliant Military Leader who happened to be a student of Aristotle was from Macedonia, just north of Greece. He conquered Greece as had his father along with the entire Mediterranean, North Africa and Asia Minor |
| Classical civilizations-The Romans | "The grandeur that was Rome" refers to the height of Roman Culture. Originally had monarchs-they were overthrown in 509 BC and a republic was setup |
| Classical civilizations-Roman Democracy | Allowed all citizens to vote for representatives to the Senate. |
| Classical civilizations-the Senate | The Senate represented the people and made the decisions in the government. |
| Classical civilizations-The Roman Conquerors | The Romans began to expand and conquer their neighbors |
| Classical civilizations-Roman Conquerors | Julius Caesar conquered Gaul(France) and parts of modern day Britain. In 49 BC he returned to Rome and declared himself emperor. |
| Classical civilizations-Roman Conquerors2 | Octavian Caesar, the adopted son of Julius, seized power after Julius was killed. He was known as Augustus and he started a dynasty of hereditary rulers. |
| Classical civilizations- Pax Romans | Rome began a 207 year period of peace. Major contributions included spreading Greek Culture, Latin Language, roman architecture including the arch and dome, roman Laws, baths, libraries and alphabet. borrowed from greek and Phoenicians |
| Classical civilizations- The fall | after a series of weak rulers and a series of attacks from the Huns and Germanic tribes, Rome began to crumble. Rome divided into two parts with an Eastern part centered in Constantinople (Turkey) and the Western in Rome |
| Last Roman Emperor | The Last Roman Emperor was over thrown in 476 and the Eastern part(Byzantine) continued to thrive until 1453 when Constantinople was conquered by Muslim Conquerors. |
| The Middle Ages | After the fall of the RE, Europe became chaotic and the Church under the Bishop of Rome(the Pope) provided basic protections that were lost with the fall of Rome. |
| THE HRE-Holy Roman Empire | blessed the reigns of kings and dominant political power of Europe. Massive cathedrals were built to accommodate the huge numbers of religious pilgrims |
| Feudalism-with code of chivalry | The dominant political system developed to try to protect Europe from the Viking invasions- Kings-Lords-Knights |
| Manorialism | The economic system of the Euro Middle ages, the land was granted by the King to the Lords and Knights in exchange for military service. Serfs and peasants provided physical labor. -vast manors,artisans(blacksmiths) and a small church |
| Cities increased | many people were skilled workers, guilds were formed to control the number of people involved in each activity, cities also became the centers of banking and manufacturing |
| 1066-William of Normandy | William (the Conqueror) defeated the english king and England as his own. He also instituted a census-the doomsday book to determine whom to tax |
| 1095- Pope Urban II | asked the kings of Europe to send knights to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks. first Crusade ended with Euro's capturing Jerusalem from the Turks. Many other crusades occurred, but Jerusalem remained under Muslim control til 20th |
| Italian Renaissance | Italian cities increased as they served as a midway meeting point for many groups. This wealth eventually allowed the Italians to start in art and ancient literature |
| Crusades-The age of Exploration | Euro's were exposed to goods that arrived in the Middle East along the Silk Roads from the Far East. Euros would spend the next few hundred years trying to get to East Asia without relying on the Arabs as middlemen |
| 1215- Magna Carta | Bad King John was forced by the Lords and Knights to sign the Magna Carta. Major event in the evolution of constitutionalism. Said the Power of the King was not absolute and he had to follow the law. Also set up a jury of your peers to judge. |
| Non-western world | Europe would eventually recover, but in international trade, technology(scientific and medical advances) they remained far behind the non western world |
| Byzantine World | Constantinople(modern Istanbul) became extremely wealthy through its control of the Dardanelles straits. they imposed tolls on all ships. Justinian most famous ruler. Laws called Justinian Code |
| Islamic World | Islam, monotheistic religion emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in the 600's |
| Islamic World-Koran | also spelled Quran is the major religious text of the Muslims and includes some stories from the Jewish(Noah and Moses) and Christian (Jesus) traditions |
| Islamic 5 pillars of faith | 1. Declaration of Faith, 2.Prayer 5xday face Mecca, 3. Fasting during month of Ramadan(daytime only), 4. Alms giving(charity), 5. Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca at least one time in each Muslims life |
| Mohammed | assembled an army and invaded areas that had expelled him. Conquests-throughout the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East and Asia Minor. After death, tradition of religious leader being political continued. Remain united untile Sunni Shiite split |
| Islamic achievements | Mathematics such as algebra, construction of grand palaces, Arabian nights(literature) and advanced medical progress. While euros were bleeding with leeches, Muslims were conducting surgery with anesthesia. |
| Eastern Asia- China | China was especially advanced during this time period |
| Eastern Asia-China Roads | Connecting Chinese cities through a series of canals and roads |
| Eastern Asia-Wall | Building of the Great Wall of China |
| Eastern Asia-Education | There was a great emphasis on education and the arts |
| Eastern Asia-Trade | Extensive trade with all of Asia and the Middle East through the Silk Roads |
| Eastern Asia- printing | A System of printing that led to numerous books |
| Eastern Asia-Japan | developed a feudal system that greatly resembled the Euro system(they developed independently) |
| Eastern Asia- Power | Power rested not with the emperor in Japan, Power rested with the Shoguns(the Lords) The Samurai(Knights) provided military service and the whole system was practice according to the Code of Bushido |
| Eastern Asia-Genghis Khan | 1206-The Mongol Leader began to amass the largest land empire in History. The Great Wall of China was built to keep the Mongols out. It proved no match for Genghis Khan. |
| Eastern Asia-Mongol empire | Included China, Russia, Korea, Poland, Persia, and India. There was a period of peace and prosperity(pax Mongolia) that lasted until 1350. The Mongols ensured safety of the trade routes. |
| Eastern Asia-Marco Polo | It was during the Mongol rule of China that two Italian brothers visited China. over 20 years later these brothers returned to Italy and one of them Marco Polo wrote about their travels |
| Western Africa | During this time various aspects of Africa began to prosper, two noteworthy kingdoms that emerged were Ghana and Mali. Both adopted Islam and became extremely wealthy. Trade was conducted on the Saharan Trade Routes-gold, salt, ivory, slaves |
| Americas-Aztecs | Aztecs lived in central Mexico, created an empire through conquering their neighbors, required tribute and took 100's of prisoners to use in their elaborate human sacrifices. Had a vast trading network and centers, written language, libraries. |
| Americas-Incan Empire | Stretched 1200 miles from north to south and was connected by a series of roads. Their society was one of the few major civilizations that never developed a written language. |
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Rockymento
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