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History
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where and when was the transcontinental railroad completed | May 10, 1869 |
| why was the transcontinental railroad built | to connect east and west |
| What were the effects of the transcontinental railroad | length of time to cross the nation before the RR before was 3-4 months, and after was 7-10 days |
| What were the challenges of building the Union pacific railroad | hard and dangerous |
| what were the challenges of building the central pacific railroad | hard, discriminated and dangerous |
| What were the origins of the people on the union pacific railroad | Irish immigrants, Germans, freed slaves, civil war veterans |
| What were the origins of the people on the central pacific railroad | Chinese |
| what were the four effects of the railroad on western migration | more went west, economy linked between east and west, NA weaken hold on west, and time zones |
| where was farming | great plains |
| what changed farming | homestead |
| where was ranching | Texas |
| what changed ranching | long drives |
| where was mining | west to east |
| what changed mining | technology |
| transportation for the great plains tribes | horses |
| food/homes/culture for the great plains tribes | buffalo |
| what was the name of the treaty that led to the final settlement of Indian-american conflict in the late 1800's | Fort Laramie |
| What was the outcome of the fort Laramie treaties | Becomes a cycle of failure |
| What conflict with the Sioux led to the final settlement of Indian-american conflict in the late 1800's | Little Bighorn |
| What conflict involving Nez Perce led to the final settlement of Indian-american conflict in the late 1800's | Chief Joseph leads from Nez Perce to Canada |
| What was the Dawes act | Split reservations into family farms, and put NA children into boarding schools |
| What factor, more than anything else, led to the end of Native American culture | Destruction of buffalo |
| What event marked the end of Native American resistance | massacre at wounded knee in south Dakota |
| Cooperatives | farmers sold directly to merchants and got more profit |
| Grange | patrons of husbandry. Went from social gathering to more political and economical |
| What political party united farmers, industrial workers, craftsmen and anti-prohibitionists during the gilded age | Populists |
| what was the reason for populists | low crop prices and high RR rates |
| Who supported populists | farmers and factory workers |
| What were populists platform/goals | free silver, government own RR |
| Who was the populists presidential candidate | William Jennings Bryan |
| What were freedmen's bureaus | assisted former enslaved people, by setting up schools and hospitals |
| were freedmen's bureaus successful | for some |
| What were black codes | laws that limited freedom for former enslaved people |
| What were the presidential reconstruction plans | ask the people to help |
| what were the radical reconstruction plans | want federal government to play an active role in remaking southern politics and society |
| what was the 13th amendments impact | ended slavery |
| what was the 14th amendments impact | If you are born in the US then you are a citizen and get citizens rights |
| what was the 15th amendments impact | any man can vote |
| what were the successes of reconstruction | more equality, citizenship, no slavery, all men can vote |
| What were the failures of reconstruction | Jim crow laws, segregation, women suffragists, lynching |
| define Jim Crow laws | enforced segregation |
| 3 examples of Jim crow laws | separate schools, separate trolley seats, separate restrooms |
| What did the supreme court establish in Plessy v. Ferguson | "separate but equal" |
| How did Poll taxes keep blacks from voting | you had to pay to vote |
| how did literacy testes keep blacks from voting | you had to be literate to vote |
| how did grandfather clauses keep blacks from voting | you could vote if your grandpa could vote |
| KKK | Ku Klux Klan, White hate group that used violence and threats to intimidate African Americans |
| Lynching | violent hanging without trial |
| when did reconstruction end | 1877 |
| how did reconstruction end | compromise of 1877 |
| What were the advantages of the north before the war | political leader, industry, population, navy, railroad |
| What were the advantages of the south before the war | military leaders, fighting on home ground, defensive war |
| Bull Run | Confederate victory, 1st battle, realization of long war |
| Shiloh | Union victory, Grant won, bloody war |
| Antietam | tie, but union strategic victory, lee forced back, makes emancipation proclamation possible |
| Vicksburg | Union victory, Grant take last holdout on Mississippi—Anaconda complete |
| Appomattox | Union victory, Lee surrenders to Grant |
| Emancipation proclamation | Make war about slavery, free slaves in South, black can fight |
| Draft Riots | New York July 1863 target blacks |
| Gettysburg address | Nov. 1863 speech “New Birth of Freedom” without slavery |
| Role of women during war | Nurses, work on farms, factories, spies, soldiers dressed as men |
| Stonewall Jackson | confederate, Lee right hand, dies Chancellorsville |
| Robert E. Lee | confederate, Best general of the war but loses |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union, “I can’t spare this man, he fights” defeats Lee |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union, Total war in March to Sea |
| What was the battle that was the turning point of the war | Gettysburg |
| Why was Gettysburg the turning point | deadliest battle, Lee never attack North again, turns the tide for the Union |
| What was the role of women during the civil war | Nurses work farms, factories spies/soldiers |
| When was the emancipation proclamation | January 1st 1863 |
| Who was the audience for the emancipation proclamation | North |
| What was the meaning of the emancipation proclamation | to free slaves in the south |
| Did the emancipation proclamation free any slaves | no |
| Why was the emancipation proclamation issued | to make the war about slavery |
| who were the Massachusetts 54th infantry | Blacks who fought |
| what did the 54th do | led into battle |
| how did the 54th's actions change the war | made black fighting more common |
| When was the Gettysburg Address | Nov. 1863 |
| Who was the audience of the Gettysburg Address | North |
| What was the meaning of the Gettysburg Address | New birth of freedom |
| What was the "New Birth of Freedom" referred to in the Gettysburg Address | start over without slavery |
| What was the reason for fighting the war in the north at the beginning of the war | Preserve the union |
| what was the reason for fighting the war in the north at the end of the war | End slavery |
| What was the reason for fighting the war in the south at the beginning of the war | retain way of life, it'll be short. Optimistic |
| What was the reason for fighting the war in the south at the end of the war | Defend slavery |
| How many died in the north and south in the civil war | 750,000 |
| how many were wounded in the north and south in the civil war | 535,000 |
| what were two costs of the civil war | Debt, inflation |
| What killed most soldiers during the civil war | Disease |
| What were political events leading to the civil war | Dred Scott, Sumner Caning |
| What were social events leading to the civil war | Bleeding Kansas, Uncle Tom's cabin |
| Dred Scott | Dred Scott vs. Sandford, outraged the north |
| Sumner caning | Brooks/Sumner Caning. North-disgusted, South-Brooks was a hero |
| Bleeding Kansas | mini civil war, shows what's to come |
| Uncle Tom's cabin | North- love and sells tons of copies. South- made illegal, and wrote Aunt someones cabin in response |
| What was the economy like in the north | small farms, industry, canals, roads west |
| What was the economy like in the south | Plantations, cotton, slavery |
| When was the Missouri compromise | 1820 |
| Who compromised the Missouri compromise? | Henry Clay |
| What caused the Missouri compromise | Missouri wanted to be a slave state |
| What was the effect of the Missouri compromise | 36’ 30 Maine-free 36’ 30 Maine-free 36’ 30 Maine-free Missouri-slave, Maine-free, 36'60 |
| Who compromised the compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay and Steven Douglas |
| What caused the compromise of 1850 | California free state |
| What was the effect of the compromise of 1850 | California free, fugitive slave act, DC no slave trade |
| Who was John Brown | Abolitionist who believed violence was necessary to end slavery |
| What did John Brown do | attack at Harper's ferry |
| What was the effect of John Brown's actions | 36’ 30 Maine-free Bleeding Kansas and executed for treason |
| Who was Nat Turner | slave preacher in virginia |
| What did Nat Turner do | started rebellion and killed 60 whites |
| What was the effect of Nat Turner's actions | strict slave codes passed |
| Why did the South secede after the election of Lincoln in 1860 | they thought it was the end of slavery |
| what was the economy in the north | industry |
| What was the economy in the South | plantations, cotton and slavery |
| What was it like politically in the North | high tariff |
| What was it like politically in the South | they were against tariffs |
| What was it like socially in the North | no slavery |
| What was it like socially in the South | slavery |
| What was the strategy to win in the North | anaconda plan |
| what was the strategy to win in the South | take defense |
| which state seceded first | south carolina |
| describe factory work | low wages, dangerous and crappy conditions |
| define labor unions | group of workers who want more |
| define push factor | why you leave |
| define pull factor | why you go there |
| who were nativists | people who didn't like immigrants, especially the irish |
| what political group did the nativists form | the know nothing party |
| what were the germans reasons for leaving | push-revolutions, pull -land, jobs, freedom, opportunity |
| what weer the irish reasons for leaving | push-potato famine, pull-land, jobs, freedom, opportunity |
| what were the scandinavian reasons for leaving | land, freedom, opportunity, jobs |
| where did the germans settle | midwest cities, Texas |
| where did the irish settle | eastern cities |
| where did the scandinavians settle | upper midwest farms |
| what was the germans reaction/prejudice | not much at first |
| what was the irish reaction/ prejudice | lots because they were catholic |
| what was the scandinavians reaction/ prejudice | not much, tended to settle together |
| explain the 2nd great awakening and its impact on the reform movement | reform started as people began to change and improve themselves and then society |
| what was the goal of temperance | stop drinking |
| who was involved in temperance | women |
| what was the goal of education | free public education for all |
| who was involved in education | horace mann |
| what was the goal of the care of the needy | prison reform and help mentally ill |
| who was involved in the care of the needy | dorthea dix |
| what was the goal of ideal societies | create utopia |
| who was involved in ideal societies | shakers |
| what was the goal of women's rights | suffrage |
| who was involved in women's rights | EC stanton, susan b anthony |
| major event with women's rights | seneca falls convention of 1848 |
| which reform movement was dorthea dix a part of | care of the needy |
| fredrick douglas | abolition |
| horace mann | education |
| elizabeth cady stanton | women's rights |
| william lloyd garrison | abolition |
| lucretia mott | women's rights |
| who helped abolition grow | douglas and garrison |
| what helps abolition grow | north star newspaper by fredrick douglas and the liberator newspaper by william lloyd garrison |
| how did the north respond to the abolition movements | they agreed with it |
| how did the south respond to the abolition movements | they hated it |
| what was the goal with abolition | the underground railroad |
| what did the belief and manifest destiny imply | america could and should reach coast to coast |
| list the reasons for development and settlement in the west | land, religious freedom and gold |
| who helped settle in oregon | marcus whitman |
| how did we get to oregon | the oregon trail |
| who got us to utah | brigham young |
| why did we settle in utah | religion |
| how did we get to utah | the mormon trail |
| who had us settle in california | miners |
| why did we go to california | the gold rush |
| how did we get to california | california trail |
| what happened to most gold miners that went to california | they didn't get rich |
| how did we acquire oregon | the treaty of 1946 |
| who said "54'40 or fight" and why | james k polk because he wanted to show that we were willing to fight for oregon |
| what were the causes of the texas revolution | people moved in and ignored mexican law |
| what were the effects of the texas revolution | lone star republic 10 yrs |
| what were the causes of the mexican american war | US annex texas and conflict over river boundary |
| what were the effects of the mexican american war | mexican cession, US pay 10 million |
| why did people oppose the mexican american war | they were afraid of the expansion of slavery |
| how did voting change when leading to the growth of democracy | no land requirements, all white men could vote |
| what was the influence of the common man | poorer men voting and voting for someone they could relate to, andrew jackson |
| define spoil system | gave a voice to the people |
| what did jackson want to do with the native americans in the SE and why | he wanted to remove them for their "own good" |
| name the 5 civilized tribes | the cherokee, chicksaw, choctaw, creek, seminol, |
| define trail of tears | removal of cherokee from their homelands to indian territory in the west |
| what was the role of cotton and gold in the process of the indian removal act and the trail of tears | it was on the indian territory |
| what was the role of jackson in the process of the indian removal act and the trail of tears | hated NA, wants to move them and overrule SC |
| what was the role of the supreme court and john ross in the process of the indian removal act and the trail of tears | ross go to SC, they rule in cherokee favor |
| what was the role of the military in the process of the indian removal act and the trail of tears | move the cherokee out on the trail of tears |
| how did tariffs increase sectionalism and political fighting | south hated but protected north industry and paid for western canals and roads |
| how did the states rights argument increase sectionalism and political fighting | KY and VA resolutions said states could nullify bad laws |
| how did the slavery debates increase sectionalism and political fighting | missouri-north and south argue over whether slavery should expand west |
| what was the reason for protective tariffs | to protect |
| what effect did the tariff of abominations have on the southern economy | made imported goods and southern planters depend on trading cotton for foreign manufactured goods |
| define tariff of abominations | protective tariff |
| define nullification crisis | it was a sectional, political crisis |
| what was jacksons attitude toward the national bank | hates it because it favors the rich |
| what actions did jackson take toward the national bank | vetoed the bank recharter |
| effect of jactions actions | money in pet banks, inflation, panic of 1837, and depression |
| what caused the war of 1812 | conflict on seas, conflict in old NW with Indians |
| what were the effects of the war of 1812 | nationalism, industry, win but really a tie |
| define impressment | kidnapping |
| define war hawks | western congressmen who favor war with britain |
| what factors increased industrialization | war of 1812, new inventions, new inovations |
| how did industrialization and new inventions change america in the early 1800's | it made war more dangerous and more industry |
| what did eli whitney invent | interchangeable parts and cotton gin |
| what did john deere invent | the polished steel plow |
| what did robert fulton invent | the steamship |
| what did cyrus mccormick invent | the mechanized reaper and harvester |
| what did samual morse invent | morse code and the telegraph |
| what cities were connected by the erie canal | new york city and buffalo |
| who worked in the early factories | girls / children |
| what products did early factories make | textiles |
| where were early factories located | NE by rivers |
| how were the economies of the north and south connected | the south cotton helped produce the north textiles |
| what was the impact of the cotton gin and commitment to the plantation system | the growth of more cotton, factories in the north and expansion in the west, planter controlled social structure, growth of slaves |
| what were the 4 main aspects of the life of a slave | work, family, religion, resist |
| what kind of work did the slaves do | it varied |
| what was the family like of a slave | often members would be sold |
| what was religion like for a slave | enforced but they still turned to it |
| how would slaves resist | rebel |
| who was at the top of the southern hierarchy | planters |
| who was second from the top of the southern hierarchy | non slave owning whites |
| who was second from the bottom of the southern hierarchy | free blacks |
| who was at the bottom of the southern hierarchy | slaves |
| describe the group that made up the largest portion of southern society | non slave holding whites |
| how did non slave owning whites feel about slavery | they still liked it because it gave them more social status |
| what is true with most farmers in the south with regard to slave ownership | not many owned slaves |
| define slave codes | laws limiting slaves |
| define nationalism | strongly supporting your country |
| what were the factors that increased nationalism | war of 1812, transportation, SC decisions, american system, decrease political differences, new national boundaries |
| what were the three aspects of the american system | tariff, transportation and national bank |
| define sectionalism | loyalty to the interests of a region or section of the country |
| what was the impact of new transportation on sectionalism | made boundary lines |
| what factors increased sectionalism | differences in economy and expansion of slavery |
| who issued the monroe doctrine | james monroe |
| when was the monroe doctrine issued | 1823 |
| what did the monroe doctrine say | europe stay out of the western hemisphere |
| what was the nickname for monroe's presidency and why | era of good feelings because it caused national unity |
| define judicial review | supreme courts power to declare a law unconstitutional |
| what supreme court case established judicial review | mcculloch vs maryland |
| what were the 3 shifts during jefferson's presidency | expansion, limited national government and change foreign policy |
| what were the 3 goals of the lewis and clark expedition | find NW passage, make friends with the native americans, map and make scientific discoveries |
| what were the 3 results of lewis and clarks exploration of the west | no NW passage but map route, discover new plants and animals, native american tribes |
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anikabingham
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