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ch 47 micro
Parasite Lab Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parasites of humans are classified into how many divisions? | 6 |
| Name the 6 divisions of human parasites | protozoa, nematoda, platyhelminthes, pentastomids, acanthocephala, arthropoda |
| name the 6 types of protozoa | amebae, flagellates, ciliates, sporozoans, coccidia, microsporidia |
| nematodes are also known as | roundworms |
| playthelminthes are also known as | flatworms |
| pentastomids are also known as | tongue worms |
| acanthocephala are also known as | thorn or hook worms |
| arthropoda consist of | insects, spiders, mites or ticks |
| How many routes of transmission are there in human parasites? | 4 |
| Name the routes of transmission of parasites in humans | 1. venereal, 2. ingestion of contaminated food or water, 3. skin penetration of infective larvae, 4. bites of various arthropods |
| Name 3 arthropods of human parasiticsm | plasmodium, trypanosoma, leishmania |
| Name 3 human parasites of skin penetration of infective larvae | Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, schistosomes |
| Name 2 parasites of contaminated food and water | Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. |
| name of a parasite transmitted venereally | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| transmission of cryptosporidium spp | ingestion of contaminated food and water |
| transmission of Giardia lamblia | ingestion of contaminated food and water |
| transmission of hookworm | skin penetration of infective larvae |
| transmission of leishmania | arthropod bite |
| transmission of schistosomes | skin penetration of infective larvae |
| transmission of plasmodium | bite of arthropod |
| transmission of strongyloides stercoralis | skin penetration of infective larvae |
| transmission of trichomonas vaginalis | venereal |
| transmission of trypanosoma | arthropod bite |
| protozoa causes vaginitis | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Stronglyloides stercoralis and hookworm are | intestinal worms |
| Schistosomes is a | blood fluke |
| plasmodium is the vector of | malaria |
| vector is the fly, causes sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma |
| vector is the sand fly | Leishmania |
| Mulitplication and propagation stage, the obligate stage in the life cycle | spore |
| Motile, dividing, metabolizing, very active stage | Trophozoite |
| Thick walled stageof coccidian parasites. Shed into the feces of people infected. sexual reproductive stage can be sporulated. | Oocyst |
| (Not egg or spore) hibernates, parasitic stage responsible for disease, transmission, a resting and/or dormant resistant stage. | Cyst |
| O and P stand for | ova and parasite |
| Purpose of PVA | fixes parasite and keeps it alive |
| If a sample cannot be transported to the lab immediately it should be | preserved |
| Maintains parasite morphologic characteristics | preservatives |
| in specimen collection and transport , situations that are considered immediate include: | 1. CNS specimens looking for free-living amebae 2. blood films for potential malaria |
| 2 vial system commonly used for fecal samples. What are the vials for? | 1. 5-10% formalin for immunoassay and concentration for microscopy, 2. PVA for stained smears |
| the 3rd part of the O&P exam is the permanent stained smear; designed to | ID the intestinal protozoa |
| Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid, dregs | Sediment |
| coccidian oocysts are identified by | modified acid-fast stain |
| purpose of the direct smear | check organism motility |
| purpose of concentration | concentrates - protozoan cysts, coccidian oocysts, microsporidian spores, helminth eggs and larvae |
| purpose of trichrome stain | provides contrast between background debris and parasite |
| formalin is a | preservative |
| formalin is called a | fixative |
| Purpose of Formalin-ether | Fixes- eggs.larvae oocysts and spores |
| Purpose of Trichrome stain | Distinguishes cysts and trophozoites |
| Purpose of modified iron hematoxylin stain | Demonstrates cysts and trophozoites |
| Purpose of Modified acid-fast stain | Highlights Coccidia |
| Formalin is called an xxx-xxxxxxx fixative | all-purpose |
| PVA is xxx not a fixative | adhesive |
| PVA helps glue the stool material onto the | slide |
| Formalin fixes what 4 groups? | eggs, larvae, oocysts and spores |
| modified trichrome stains are to identify | Microsporidia spores |
| Down side of a wet mount | Can disintegrate immediately |
| Type of sample for suspected parasites of the intestinal tract | stool |
| 3 methods of O and P exam | 1. direct wet mount, 2. concentration, 3. permanent stain |
| test for intestinal specimens that goes to the sigmoid colon; bottom part of a colonoscopy. | Sigmoidoscopy |
| Test for intestinal specimens, a tube that pulls a vacuum, goes thru the nose down to the duodenum. | Duodenal drainage |
| A fecal specimen can be preserved in 10% formalin. What 3 tests can be run? | 1. modified trichrome stain, 2. Elisa, 3. wet mount |
| what does the modified trichrome stain test for? | Microsporidia |
| What does ELISA test for? | Giardia and Cyclosporidium |
| What does the wet mount test for? | Helminths and protozoa |
| Fecal specimens can be affixed with PVA. What test is then used on the sample? | Trichrome stain |
| What parasite is the trichrome stain used on? | Protozoa |
| Fecal specimens can be processed with Formalin-Ethyl acetate sedimentation. What 4 tests are run off this? | 1. Safranin stain, 2. Acid fast stain, 3. Direct mound epifluorescence, 4. wet mount |
| what is the safranin stain used to test for? | Cyclospora |
| What is the acid-test stain used to test for/ | Cyrptosporidium, Cycloisospora, Cyclospora |
| What is the direct mount epifluorescence used to test for? | Cyclospora and Isospora |
| following sedimentation what is the wet mount used to test for? | Helminths and protozoa |
Created by:
nawchem
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