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Bowman Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Black Codes | Discriminatory laws against blacks |
| Reconstruction | Period of rebuilding after Civil War, 1865-1877 |
| Civil Rights Act | A landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin |
| U.S. Grant | Was the 18th President of the United States. As Commanding General, Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War |
| Wade-Davis Bill | (1864), unsuccessful attempt by Radical Republicans and others in the U.S. Congress to set Reconstruction policy before the end of the Civil War |
| Andrew Johnson | Became president after Lincoln's assassination ,a pro union democrat from Tennessee |
| Thaddeus Stevens | A member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s |
| Reconstruction Act | Laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union. period of rebuilding after Civil War, 1865-1877 |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Helped former slaves, poor whites -gives social services, medical care, education |
| Radical Republicans | Wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders. Most of all, they wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote led by Charles Sumner |
| Compromise of 1877 | A purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era |
| Red Cloud | One of the most important leaders of the Oglala Lakota. He led from 1868 to 1909 |
| Assimilation | A plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture |
| Ghost Dance | A new religious movement incorporated into numerous American Indian belief systems/ritual to regain lost lands Spreads among Sioux of Dakota reservation |
| George Custer | A United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars |
| Battle of Wounded Knee | Two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U.S. government. An 1890 massacre left some 150-300 Native Americans dead, in what was the final clash between federal troops and the Sioux |
| 14th Amendment | Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War |
| 15th Amendment | Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" |
| Home Rule | The ability to run state governments without federal intervention |
| KKK | Racist, Ku Klux Klan, against roman Catholics and Jews, blacks and white activists/Confederate veterans group that turns terrorist grows rapidly; aims to restore white supremacy |
| Amnesty Act | Was a U.S. federal law that removed voting restrictions and office-holding disqualification against most of the secessionists who rebelled in the American Civil War. |
| Redemption | Redeemers were the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, the conservative, pro-business faction in the Democratic Party, who pursued a policy of Redemption, seeking to oust the Radical Republicans. |
| Horace Greeley | Was the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time |
| Samuel Tilden | The 25th Governor of New York and the Democratic candidate for the U.S. Presidency in the disputed election of 1876, winning a popular vote majority, but ultimately being denied victory by the electoral college |
| Panic of 1873 | Railroads expand faster than markets; some go bankrupt. Government’s gold supply depleted, leads to rush on banks -businesses, banks collapse -panic becomes depression |
| Supreme Court of 1870's | Supreme Court's restrictive rulings had narrowed the scope of these amendments so much that the federal government no longer had much power to protect the rights of African Americans |
| Sitting Bull | Leader of Hunkpapa Sioux, does not sign treaty |
| Dawes Act | "Americanize” natives, break up reservation |
| Great Plains | Grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S. |
| Chisholm Trail | Becomes major cattle route from San Antonio to Kansas |
| Sand Massacre | November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of Colorado U.S. Volunteer Cavalry attacked and destroyed a village of Cheyenne |
| W.J. Fetterman | Was an officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and the subsequent Red Cloud's War on the Great Plains. Fetterman and his command of 80 men were killed in the Fetterman Fight |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | President at the end of the Reconstruction Era of the United States through a complex Compromise of 1877 |
| Bimettalism | A system allowing the unrestricted currency of two metals (e.g., gold and silver) as legal tender at a fixed ratio to each other |
| Populist Party | A third-party movement that sprang up in the 1890's and drew support especially from disgruntled farmers |
| Greenbacks | Paper currency |
| The Grange | a farmers' association organized in 1867. The Grange sponsors social activities, community service, and political lobbying |
| The Morrill Act | United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states using the proceeds of federal land sales |
| Bonanza Farms | Very large farms established in the western United States during the late nineteenth century |
| "Cross of Gold" Speech | Delivered by William Jennings at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In the address, Bryan supported bimetallism or "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity |
| Hiram Revels | A minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), a Republican politician, and the first black Congressman |
| Homesteader | Someone who goes to live and grow crops on land given by the government |
| Oliver Hudson Kelley | The founder of the Grange |
| William McKinley | An American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States from March 4, 1897 until his assassination in September 1901 |
| William Jennings Bryan | an American orator and politician from Nebraska, and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as the Party's nominee for President of the United States |
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